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<\/a><\/p>\nK<\/span> kitabu chake kikubwa (takriban kurasa 420 za maandishi) kina mada kubwa. Mwandishi wake alichagua kuweka Quaker wa Kiingereza ambaye hajulikani, mtengenezaji wa bunduki Samuel Galton Jr., na maoni yake kwa kukataliwa kwake na mkutano wake huko Birmingham, Uingereza, katikati ya nadharia yake. Anachohoji mwanahistoria wa Stanford Satia ni kwamba Mapinduzi ya Viwandani ya karne ya kumi na saba na kumi na nane, na kwa upanuzi Milki ya Uingereza\u2014ile ambayo jua haikutua\u2014ilichochewa na kuwezeshwa na bunduki zilizotengenezwa Birmingham. Familia ya Galton ilizalisha bunduki karibu wakati wote huu; labda walikuwa watengenezaji wa bunduki wakubwa zaidi, kitovu cha tasnia. <\/span><\/p>\nSatia anamweka Galton katika utangulizi wake na kumrejelea mara kwa mara katika kitabu chake chote, lakini anangoja hadi amalize karibu theluthi mbili, katika sura ya 8, kueleza kwa undani mchango wake ulioandikwa. Katika sura ya 9 na 10, anachunguza kwa undani maendeleo ya bunduki: utengenezaji wao, matumizi, na majaribio ya kuzidhibiti hadi sasa. Satia amechunguza kwa ustadi vyanzo vya msingi kuhusu Galton, lakini anajua kidogo kuhusu Jumuiya ya Marafiki, akiiita ”kanisa”; kamwe kutumia ”mkutano”; na kuiondolea maudhui yake ya kidini, na kuifanya ionekane kuwa sababu pekee iliyokuwepo ilikuwa kuendeleza amani. Anaeleza Rafiki Mwingereza Edward Hicks, mhariri wa gazeti lisilojulikana la kila mwezi <\/span>
\n Quakeriana<\/span>
\n<\/i> (1894-96), kama ”Mmarekani,” akimchanganya na Edward Hicks mchoraji, aliyekufa tangu 1849.<\/span><\/p>\nWasomaji wa<\/span>
\n Jarida la Marafiki<\/span>
\n<\/i> labda watapata usomi wa maneno wa Satia juu ya bunduki badala ya kuchoka, lakini watavutiwa na akaunti yake ya Galton na umuhimu wake. Mnamo 1795 Mkutano wa Galton wa Birmingham ulihamia kumkana kwa kutengeneza na kuuza bunduki kwa kutuma wageni kumwonya. Bila kutikisika, Galton alikataa kuacha na baadaye akakataliwa. <\/span><\/p>\nKisha akaandika jibu refu kwa mkutano huo, ambalo alilichapisha kama utetezi wa umma. Alikanusha kuwa mkutano huo haukuwa na pingamizi dhidi ya mshiriki yeyote wa vizazi vitatu vya familia yake katika kipindi cha miaka 90 iliyopita na akauliza kwa nini imechukua muda mrefu sana kwao kufahamu dhambi ya kutengeneza na kuuza bunduki. Alitaja Marafiki kuwa wanastahili kama Isaac Penington, ambaye alikuwa amepinga ushuhuda wa 1661 dhidi ya silaha za kimwili. Lakini hoja yake kubwa zaidi ilipendekeza kwamba kila Rafiki\u2014kwa hakika, kila Muingereza\u2014alikuwa na hatia kama yeye: je, sisi sote hatulipi kodi; Je, sisi sote tusiweke pesa zetu kwenye benki zilizounganishwa kwa karibu na watunga bunduki; si wote tunanunua sukari na pamba zinazozalishwa kwa kazi ya utumwa? (Rafiki Galton alikuwa mfuasi mkali wa kususia ununuzi wa bidhaa kama hizo.) Je, kwa ufupi sisi si sehemu ya jumla? Je, yeyote kati yetu anaweza kudai kuwa hana uchafuzi wa maovu ya pamoja ya jamii? <\/span><\/p>\nAkizidisha kejeli, Satia anaandika kwamba kukataa kwa Birmingham Meeting kwa hoja ya Galton kulionyesha washiriki wake walikuwa wameangukiwa na fahamu potofu\u2014ambayo inaendelea leo\u2014ikiwaruhusu kuepuka \u201cukweli kwamba maisha ya kisasa yameanzishwa, kimsingi, juu ya upiganaji wa kijeshi na kwamba maisha ya kiviwanda yameitegemea kihistoria.\u201d Kwa muda mrefu imekuwa dhahiri kwamba Quakerism, ikisisitiza wajibu wa mtu binafsi, ilitoa msukumo wa kidini kwa msukumo wa ubepari. Kwamba pia ilicheza jukumu muhimu katika Mapinduzi ya Viwanda na himaya iliyofuata inaweza kusababisha kuandikwa upya kwa maandishi ya historia. <\/span><\/p>\nNa kwa Marafiki kejeli hii iliongezwa na ukweli kwamba chini ya miaka kumi baada ya kukataliwa kwake mnamo 1796, mkutano ulikubali mchango wake wa kupanua uwanja wake wa maziko. Uamuzi huu haukukiuka tu masharti ya kukataliwa kwake bali pia ulisisitiza kwamba utajiri uliopatikana kwa bunduki ulikuwa umepinga dhambi yake. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5090,"featured_media":3082047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,10001],"fpb_issue_category":[10258],"class_list":["post-3125296","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-agosti-2019","fpb_issue_category-quakerspeak-saa-tano"],"yoast_head":"\nDola ya Bunduki: Uundaji wa Vurugu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/dola-ya-bunduki-uundaji-wa-vurugu-wa-mapinduzi-ya-viwanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dola ya Bunduki: Uundaji wa Vurugu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na Priya Satia. Penguin Press, 2018. Kurasa 544. $ 35 \/ jalada gumu; $ 22 \/ karatasi (inapatikana Oktoba); $15.99\/Kitabu…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/dola-ya-bunduki-uundaji-wa-vurugu-wa-mapinduzi-ya-viwanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Empire.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"456\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Dola ya Bunduki: Uundaji wa Vurugu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda Na Priya Satia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@friendsournal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/dola-ya-bunduki-uundaji-wa-vurugu-wa-mapinduzi-ya-viwanda\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/dola-ya-bunduki-uundaji-wa-vurugu-wa-mapinduzi-ya-viwanda\\\/\",\"name\":\"Dola ya Bunduki: Uundaji wa Vurugu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda - 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Mwanachama wa Mkutano wa Chattanooga (Tenn.), amestaafu kutoka Idara ya Historia ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tennessee huko Chattanooga. <\/p>\n"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_book\/3125296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_book"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fpb_book"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5090"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3125296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3082047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3125296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3125296"},{"taxonomy":"fpb_issue_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_issue_category?post=3125296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/a><\/p>\n