{"id":3126484,"date":"2016-09-01T01:30:13","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T05:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/book\/taifa-takatifu-huduma-ya-transatlantic-quaker-katika-enzi-ya-mapinduzi\/"},"modified":"2016-09-01T01:30:13","modified_gmt":"2016-09-01T05:30:13","slug":"taifa-takatifu-huduma-ya-transatlantic-quaker-katika-enzi-ya-mapinduzi","status":"publish","type":"fpb_book","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/taifa-takatifu-huduma-ya-transatlantic-quaker-katika-enzi-ya-mapinduzi\/","title":{"rendered":"Taifa Takatifu: Huduma ya Transatlantic Quaker katika Enzi ya Mapinduzi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"taifaNa Sarah Crabtree. Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago Press, 2015. 270 kurasa. $ 45 \/ jalada gumu; $10 kwa mkopo wa Kitabu pepe. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\nNunua kutoka kwa QuakerBooks<\/span><\/a>\n

Katika siku za mapema za Quakerism, wamishonari wake wenye bidii walienea katika bahari pamoja na Milki ya Uingereza inayokua, wakisafiri kwa meli za biashara hadi makoloni ya Amerika na Karibea. George Fox mwenyewe alihubiri katika Barbados, Jamaika, na makoloni ya Amerika. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lakini dini hiyo haikutawala popote, isipokuwa kwa muda mfupi tu katika koloni la Pennsylvania. Quakerism ilikuwa, kama ilivyokuwa siku zote, imani ya wachache, iliyoheshimiwa katika sehemu fulani, iliyopuuzwa na nyingine, isiyoeleweka kwa wengi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Je, ingeishije katika ugenini ulioenea kutoka mashamba ya miwa ya Jamaika hadi kwenye majiji yenye watu wengi ya Ufaransa?<\/span><\/p>\n

Marekebisho ya Quakerism kwa mpangilio wa ulimwengu unaobadilika wa karne ya kumi na nane na kumi na tisa ni mada ya<\/span>
\n Taifa Takatifu<\/span>
\n<\/i> la Sarah Crabtree.. Kitabu hiki kinataka kuonyesha jinsi washiriki wa Jumuiya ya Kidini ya Marafiki walivyotengeneza upya taasisi zao na kurekebisha mawaidha yao ili kuweka imani kando, ili kuifanya iwe tofauti lakini yenye kunyumbulika vya kutosha kuweza kuishi wakati wa misukosuko, yakiwemo mapinduzi ya Marekani na Ufaransa. Kwa kutumia sitiari ya taifa takatifu, Yerusalemu kwa ajili ya waaminifu, Waquaker waliweza kujenga imani ya kimataifa kikweli, licha ya mikazo mikali ya kupatana na enzi ya uzalendo wenye vita. <\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Clarkson, ambaye alifanya kazi kwa ukaribu na Quakers kupiga marufuku biashara ya watumwa huko Uingereza, aliandika, \u201cWa Quaker hutofautiana zaidi kuliko hata wageni wengi wanavyofanya na watu wa nchi yao wenyewe.\u201d Quakers walisisitiza uchaguzi wao wa maneno ya arcane (kama vile ”wewe” na ”wewe”) na kuvaa (Quaker kijivu) katika jitihada za kujitofautisha na wale walio karibu nao. Walijiona kama Quaker kwanza, na raia wa taifa fulani pili. <\/span><\/p>\n

”Marafiki wa Umma walijitahidi kuunganisha wafuasi wao waliotawanyika na kuzingirwa nyuma ya utambulisho na theolojia ambayo ilivuka migawanyiko ya kilimwengu,” Crabtree anaandika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Katika Marekani iliyoanzishwa hivi karibuni, Waquaker walipinga ushabiki wa kizalendo, huku wakosoaji kama vile Thomas Paine wakiwashutumu kama wasaliti. Huko Uingereza, walipinga kwa uangalifu shinikizo la utaifa na changamoto kwa uaminifu wao. Katika Ufaransa walisifiwa sana na wasomi, ingawa, kama Crabtree aonyeshavyo, mara nyingi imani zao zilipotoshwa na watu wa nje. <\/span><\/p>\n

Crabtree hufanya kazi nzuri sana ya kuchunguza jinsi Quakers walianzisha shule zao wenyewe, kuunda mitaala ambayo ilisisitiza ushuhuda wa amani, kukomesha na usawa wa wanawake. Ufundishaji huu ulikuza vizazi vipya vya wanaharakati nchini Marekani na Uingereza, na kusaidia kuunda dhana kati ya Quakers ya ulimwengu wa kiroho wa binadamu. ”Shule za Quaker ziliweka watoto wa Sosaiti mbali na juhudi za kuleta usawa za serikali, zikiwatia moyo kujitambulisha na wenzao wanaovuka Atlantiki,” anaandika. Crabtree ana amri nzuri ya migawanyiko ya balkanizing ambayo ilisambaratisha Jumuiya ya Kidini katika miaka ya 1800, na inabishana kwa ushawishi kwamba shinikizo kutoka kwa nguvu za utaifa zilisababisha migawanyiko. <\/span><\/p>\n

Taifa Takatifu<\/span><\/i> ni kazi ya kitaaluma, na kwa bahati mbaya nathari inakabiliwa na kupindukia kwa aina hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutumia maneno kama vile ”msimamo” na ”kuzuiliwa.” Lakini ikiwa unaweza kupita sentensi kadhaa, kitabu hiki kinawasilisha utatuzi wa kufikiria wa historia ngumu. Ni nyongeza muhimu kwa uelewa wetu unaokua wa jinsi kundi lisilo la kawaida la watu wenye amani lilivyojiendeleza na kujiendeleza wakati wa enzi ya msukosuko ya upanuzi wa kifalme, mabadiliko ya kiviwanda, vita na mapinduzi. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3077870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,9963],"fpb_issue_category":[10221],"class_list":["post-3126484","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-septemba-2016","fpb_issue_category-septemba-2016"],"yoast_head":"\nTaifa Takatifu: Huduma ya Transatlantic Quaker katika Enzi ya Mapinduzi - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/taifa-takatifu-huduma-ya-transatlantic-quaker-katika-enzi-ya-mapinduzi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Taifa Takatifu: Huduma ya Transatlantic Quaker katika Enzi ya Mapinduzi - Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na Sarah Crabtree. 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