{"id":3126525,"date":"2016-11-01T01:30:07","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T05:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/book\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\/"},"modified":"2025-10-12T07:13:48","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T11:13:48","slug":"maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha","status":"publish","type":"fpb_book","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\/","title":{"rendered":"Maandamano Maarufu huko Palestina: Mustakabali Usio na uhakika wa Upinzani Usio na Silaha"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"maandamano-maarufu-palestina-isiyoNa Marwan Darweish na Andrew Rigby. Pluto Press, 2015. 211 kurasa. $ 28 \/ karatasi; $21.99\/Kitabu pepe. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\nNunua kutoka kwa QuakerBooks<\/span><\/a>\n

Kama Quaker ambaye anaamini katika maadili na ufanisi wa hatua iliyopangwa vizuri na iliyojitolea kwa amani na haki, nilipata<\/span>
\n Maandamano Maarufu huko Palestina.<\/span>
\n<\/i> taarifa sana na changamoto sana, lakini pia zaidi ya kidogo ya kukatisha tamaa. Kwa uwazi, kitabu hicho pia kinazua swali muhimu: Je! <\/span>
\n ni<\/span>
\n<\/i> tendo lisilo na jeuri katika maana yake kamili?<\/span><\/p>\n

Waandishi hao ni wasomi wanaoheshimika katika masomo ya amani na nyanja zinazohusiana ambao wako katika Chuo Kikuu cha Coventry cha London. Wanatoa maelezo ya kina ya uvamizi wa Israel wa Palestina na upinzani wa Wapalestina. Kwa kiwango kidogo, pia zinaelezea jukumu muhimu la kuunga mkono la vikundi vya amani vya Israeli na juhudi tofauti za kimataifa kumaliza mzozo na\/au kuunga mkono upinzani wa Wapalestina. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kitabu hiki kilinifanya nitambue kwa uwazi zaidi ujuu wa maarifa yangu na ufahamu wangu wa kile ambacho kimekuwa kikitendeka katika Mashariki ya Kati tangu kuanzishwa kwa Israeli ya kisasa mwaka wa 1948. Jiulize: Ninapofikiria juu ya mapigano ya miongo mingi kati ya Israeli na Palestina, je, sioni akilini mwangu vijana wa Kipalestina wakiwarushia mawe askari wa Israeli na askari wa Israeli wakiwarushia risasi askari wa Israel na risasi za risasi? Je, siwazii mabomu ya kujitengenezea nyumbani, yaliyowekwa na washambuliaji wa kujitoa mhanga wa Kipalestina, wakiua na kuwalemaza raia wa Kiyahudi kwenye mabasi ya Yerusalemu? Siwaoni polisi wa Israel wakiwakamata Wapalestina na kuwaburuza hadi gerezani? <\/span><\/p>\n

Maandamano Maarufu huko Palestina<\/span><\/i> hutumia lenzi pana zaidi. Ilifungua macho yangu kwa mwelekeo tofauti wa kile ambacho kimekuwa kikiendelea, hasa aina mbalimbali za ajabu na ubunifu wa (zaidi zisizo na vurugu) mbinu za maandamano zinazotumiwa na Wapalestina walipokuwa wakitafuta kukomesha uvamizi wa Israeli. Hapa kuna orodha ya juhudi chache kama hizo kutoka miaka ya 1980 hadi sasa: <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • maandamano ya amani ya Wapalestina wakati wa Intifadha ya Kwanza mwaka 1989<\/span><\/li>\n
  • juhudi za amani za Wapalestina kuzuia ujenzi wa Ukuta wa Kutenganisha uliojengwa na Israeli<\/span><\/li>\n
  • kutoa ”uwepo wa ulinzi” usio na ukatili kwa kuandamana na watoto wakielekea shule ili kuzuia mashambulio kutoka kwa walowezi na wanajeshi wa Israeli.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • kujenga upya bila vibali nyumba ambazo tingatinga za Israel zimeharibu<\/span><\/li>\n
  • kulima mashamba ambayo mamlaka ya Israeli ilikuwa imewapiga marufuku rasmi<\/span><\/li>\n
  • kutumia nyimbo na mashairi kueleza upinzani na kuweka ari<\/span><\/li>\n
  • wakijifunga kwa minyororo kwenye mizeituni kwenye nchi ambayo walikuwa wamefukuzwa<\/span><\/li>\n
  • wakiwaelekea wanajeshi wa Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israel na kuwapa vipande vya keki kubwa ya siku ya kuzaliwa, kuadhimisha miaka sita ya mapambano ya Wapalestina dhidi ya uvamizi huo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Hata hivyo, licha ya juhudi hizi tofauti, za miongo kadhaa, na za mara kwa mara za ujasiri, waandishi wanafikia hitimisho la kukatisha tamaa kwamba Wapalestina, kwa juhudi na mapambano yao yote, hawajaweza kuwa na ushawishi wa kutosha wa umma wa Israeli au wafanya maamuzi kutikisa azma ya Israeli ya kuendelea-na hata kuimarisha-kazi yao.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Je, hilo lamaanisha kwamba kutotenda jeuri kumetoweka kunapojaribiwa katika hali hizi ngumu zaidi? Au ina maana kwamba uasi haujafeli sana kiasi kwamba uwezo wake kamili haujawekwa? Je, ikiwa uwezo huo kamili ungeletwa kwenye mapambano? Hasa, vipi kuhusu \u201cwapende adui zako\u201d? Wala kifungu hicho cha maneno wala msimamo wa imani ambao ungeutegemeza hauonekani popote kwenye kitabu. Kwa nini?<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ninaposoma maandishi ya kisasa juu ya kutokuwa na vurugu, ni wazi kwamba watendaji na wananadharia wamepata uelewa wa hali ya juu zaidi wa mikakati na mbinu zisizo na vurugu na kile kinachoifanya iwe ya ufanisi zaidi, yenye nguvu zaidi. Vitabu vya Gene Sharp, kuanzia na juzuu zake tatu <\/span>Siasa za Kitendo kisicho na Vurugu<\/span><\/i>, iliyochapishwa zaidi ya miaka 40 iliyopita, imekuwa na uvutano mkubwa. Hivi majuzi, ukurasa wake wa 598 unaojulikana sana <\/span>
    \n Kuendesha Mapambano Isiyo na Vurugu<\/span>
    \n<\/i> ni mchango mkubwa katika kuelewa mkakati wa hatua zisizo za ukatili.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ninamjua na kumheshimu Sharp na mara nyingi nimetumia mawazo yake katika kuzungumza na kuandika kwangu juu ya kutokuwa na vurugu. Kwa hakika yeye ni mmoja wa wanafikra wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani juu ya kutokuwa na vurugu na vitendo visivyo vya ukatili. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Lakini Mkali sio wa kidini. Haamini kwamba matendo yasiyo ya jeuri yanahitaji kukitwa katika imani au hali ya kiroho. Anaweza hata kujishusha kuelekea imani ya kidini. ”Watu wanaoamini katika mtazamo wa kimaadili au wa kidini kwa njia zisizo za ukatili,” ameandika, ”wangeweza kusaidia, ikiwa hawana kiburi sana.” <\/span><\/p>\n

    Kihistoria, hata hivyo, wengi wa watendaji wakuu wa vitendo visivyo vya ukatili wamekuwa wa kidini sana. Gandhi alikuwa Mhindu ambaye wakati fulani alimwambia mhojiwaji, \u201cMungu ni halisi zaidi kwangu kuliko ukweli kwamba wewe na mimi tumeketi katika chumba hiki.\u201d Dorothy Day alikuwa Mkatoliki mwaminifu, kama vile Cesar Chavez. Martin Luther King Jr. aliandika kinabii katika kitabu chake cha mwisho <\/span>
    \n Nguvu katika Upendo<\/span>
    \n<\/i> : ubinadamu ”unasafiri kwenye barabara inayoitwa chuki, katika safari ambayo itatuleta kwenye uharibifu na laana. … [t] anaamuru kumpenda adui ni hitaji la lazima kabisa kwa maisha yetu. Upendo hata kwa maadui ndio ufunguo wa suluhisho la shida za ulimwengu wetu.”<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ni muhimu kutaja kwamba Mfalme alionyesha wazi kwamba, alipotumia neno \u201cupendo,\u201d hakuwa akizungumzia shauku, shauku, au hisia changamfu. Alimaanisha kile Wagiriki walichoita <\/span>
    \n agape<\/span>
    \n<\/i> : anayemaliza muda wake, mbunifu, nia njema ya ukombozi kwa wengine, haijalishi wanakutendea vibaya vipi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kwa Mfalme, \u201ckupenda maadui\u201d haikuwa tu maneno mazuri bali yasiyo na maana. Nilipokuwa na fursa ya kufanya kazi kwa wafanyakazi wake wa shambani kwa miaka miwili, nilipata fursa nyingi za kuona upendo wa kujidhabihu, ujasiri, na imani wa maadui kwa vitendo. Wakati Mfalme na wale walioshawishiwa naye walipokataa kuwashambulia wapinzani wao, hata walipopigwa risasi, kulipuliwa kwa mabomu, kupigwa, kufungwa jela, na kushambuliwa na mbwa wenye kufoka, waliunda mojawapo ya harakati zenye nguvu zaidi kwa ajili ya mabadiliko ya kijamii ambayo ulimwengu umewahi kuona. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Darweish na Rigby wanafanya uchambuzi wa hali ya juu sana na wa kina wa kwa nini mapambano ya Wapalestina-ingawa ni tofauti na wengi wao hawana silaha-hayajawa na nguvu za kutosha kushinda upinzani wa Israeli. Wanazingatia karibu kabisa kushindwa kwa mkakati na mbinu za Wapalestina, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuvutiwa na ”mapambano ya silaha” yanayopatikana katika baadhi ya maeneo ya upinzani wa Palestina. Lakini waandishi hawasemi chochote kuhusu kile ambacho nimekiita \u201cuwezo kamili\u201d wa kutokuwa na jeuri\u2014yaani, mkakati unaojumuisha kujitolea kuwapenda maadui zako, si kwa hisia, bali kwa upendo wa agape. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Ufanisi wa mbinu kama hiyo ya upendo wa agape umeonyeshwa mara mia katika historia. Je, ingekuwaje katika Israeli-Palestina ikiwa, kwa mfano, upinzani ulifanya kama harakati za uhuru wa miaka ya 1980 nchini Ufilipino ambazo ziliangusha udikteta wa Ferdinand Marcos? Wakikabiliwa na mauaji, kufungwa gerezani, mateso na ukandamizaji mwingine wa kikatili, harakati zao zilijibu kwa sala ya kila siku na mafunzo ya kutokuwa na vurugu, kuweka miili yao kati ya maelfu ya waandamanaji wa amani na askari walioamriwa kuwashambulia, wakiwa wamesimama kwenye njia ya mizinga inayokuja, wakipiga magoti mbele ya askari walio ngumu ya vita, wakiwaombea na kuwasihi waungane na harakati za uhuru. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Matokeo yalikuwa nini? Dikteta Marcos alikuwa ameondoka katika chini ya mwezi mmoja. Hiyo, nadhani, ni ukosefu wa unyanyasaji wa agape katika vitendo. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Leo, katika ISIS, Boko Haram, na vikundi vingine vya wapiganaji wenye jeuri, tunaona kuzaliana kwa chuki kwa kustaajabisha. Miaka elfu mbili iliyopita, huko Palestina, ubinadamu uliona kuzaliwa kwa Upendo katika mwili kwa Myahudi mdogo wa Galilaya ambaye alifundisha, ”Wapendeni adui zenu na waombeeni wale wanaowatesa ninyi” ( Mt. 6:44 ). <\/span><\/p>\n

    Je, tunaamini pamoja na Mfalme kwamba \u201cUpendo hata kwa maadui ndio ufunguo wa suluhisho la matatizo ya ulimwengu wetu\u201d? Je! inaweza kuwa angalau sehemu ya suluhisho la ugomvi katika Mashariki ya Kati? <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3078082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,9965],"fpb_issue_category":[10223],"class_list":["post-3126525","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-novemba-2016","fpb_issue_category-quakers-na-mitandao-ya-kijamii"],"yoast_head":"\nMaandamano Maarufu huko Palestina: Mustakabali Usio na uhakika wa Upinzani Usio na Silaha - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maandamano Maarufu huko Palestina: Mustakabali Usio na uhakika wa Upinzani Usio na Silaha - Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na Marwan Darweish na Andrew Rigby. 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Kama Quaker ambaye…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-12T11:13:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/popular-protest-in-palestine-the-uncertain-future-of-unarmed-resistance_7110153.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"642\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@friendsournal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/maandamano-maarufu-huko-palestina-mustakabali-usio-na-uhakika-wa-upinzani-usio-na-silaha\\\/\",\"name\":\"Maandamano Maarufu huko Palestina: Mustakabali Usio na uhakika wa Upinzani Usio na Silaha - 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