{"id":3126858,"date":"2018-04-01T02:45:44","date_gmt":"2018-04-01T06:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/book\/kufukuzwa-na-dream-hoarders\/"},"modified":"2025-10-12T07:32:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T11:32:57","slug":"kufukuzwa-na-dream-hoarders","status":"publish","type":"fpb_book","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/kufukuzwa-na-dream-hoarders\/","title":{"rendered":"Kufukuzwa NA Dream Hoarders"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Kufukuzwa: Umaskini na Faida katika Jiji la Amerika. Na Mathayo Desmond. Crown Publishing Group, 2016. Kurasa 422. $ 28 \/ jalada gumu; $ 17 \/ karatasi; $12.99\/Kitabu pepe. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\nNunua kutoka kwa QuakerBooks<\/span><\/a>\n

Wanaohodhi Ndoto: Jinsi Tabaka la Juu la Kati Linawaacha Kila Mtu Kwenye Mavumbi, Kwa Nini Hilo Ni Shida, na Nini Cha Kufanya Kulihusu. Na Richard V. Reeves. Brookings Institution Press, 2017. Kurasa 196. $ 24 \/ jalada gumu; $17.99\/Kitabu pepe. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

Sina hakika ni lini nilipofahamu kwa mara ya kwanza kwamba kulikuwa na (angalau) nchi mbili za uchumi nchini Marekani. Labda mteja wangu alipofika ofisini kwangu kwa mabasi matatu badala ya treni moja ya DC Metro kwa sababu kupanda basi ilikuwa nafuu zaidi. Hakika mhudumu wangu wa mapokezi alipoacha kulipa kodi yake na kungoja kufukuzwa ili awe na pesa ya kutosha kwa ajili ya amana na kodi ya mwezi wa kwanza kwa ajili ya makazi yake mapya\u2014mbinu ambayo haikuwahi kunijia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Vitabu hivi viwili vinaakisi uchumi huo tofauti. Yule unayeishi na yule wengine wanaishi ndani yake. <\/span>
\n Kufukuzwa<\/span>
\n<\/i> ni jinsi uchumi duni unavyofanya kazi.<\/span>
\n Wahodhi wa Ndoto<\/span>
\n<\/i> inahusu uchumi ambao Marafiki wengi wanaishi na jinsi tunavyosaidia kuendeleza uchumi mwingine. Kwa pamoja, vitabu hivi vinatoa picha mbaya, lakini pia vinatoa mwanga wa matumaini. <\/span><\/p>\n

Vitabu hivi havijalenga ubaguzi wa rangi-vinahusu umaskini na utajiri. Hatimaye, hata hivyo, ni kuhusu mizigo ya kudumu ya ubaguzi na wilaya za mstari mwekundu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kufukuzwa<\/span><\/i>, kupitia hadithi za kuvutia zilizounganishwa za wapangaji na wamiliki wa nyumba, inasimulia jinsi uondoaji umekuwa wa faida kiasi kwamba mchakato umeongezeka kwa kasi. Wapangaji wanajaribu kuishi kwa mfumo ambao haujawekwa kwa ajili ya maisha yao. Si chaguo nzuri au mbaya zinazoonekana kuwa na matokeo mengi katika jitihada zao za kuishi katika nyumba zinazokubalika, kuwa na chakula cha kutosha, na kutoa utulivu kwa familia zao. Katika jamii inayotarajia watu watumie asilimia 30 au chini ya mapato yao kununua nyumba, baadhi ya watu wanatumia asilimia 70 au zaidi ya mapato yao ambayo tayari hayatoshi kununua nyumba, na kuacha dola chache tu kwa ajili ya chakula na dharura. Dharura yoyote inamaanisha kutolipa kodi na\u2014hatimaye\u2014kufukuzwa kutoka kwa makazi yao ambayo tayari hayatoshi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Au labda sivyo\u2014nani atafukuzwa inategemea udogo wa mwenye nyumba. Mtu anayelalamika juu ya panya na mashimo kwenye kuta na ana deni la dola chache ana uwezekano mkubwa wa kufukuzwa kuliko mtu ambaye anakubali tu mambo ya kutisha ambayo wanaishi. Kitu chochote kinacholeta polisi-ikiwa ni pamoja na kulalamika kupigwa na mtu wao-kinaweza kusababisha kufukuzwa. Kwenda mahakamani kupinga kufukuzwa kunaweza kumaanisha kupoteza kazi isiyotosheleza wanayoshikilia. Mtu ambaye ni mkali mbele ya mahitaji (kawaida mwanamume) anaweza kuachwa peke yake; mtu mwingine ambaye anajaribu tu kuzuia kuonekana (kwa kawaida mwanamke) anaweza kufukuzwa badala yake. Desmond aandika hivi: \u201cIkiwa kufungwa kungekuwa kumekuja kufafanua maisha ya wanaume kutoka vitongoji vya watu weusi maskini, kufukuzwa kulikuwa kukifanyiza maisha ya wanawake. Wanaume weusi maskini walifungiwa. <\/span><\/p>\n

Wale wanaofukuzwa wanajikuta katika hali mbaya zaidi. Samani, nguo, vinyago, na chakula huachwa, kuibiwa, au kuharibiwa. Notisi za mahakama na vikumbusho vya miadi huenda kwenye anwani isiyo sahihi. Mtu hawezi kupata ghorofa katika mahali bora, salama na kufukuzwa kwenye rekodi zao. Watoto wao wanaweza kulazimika kubadili shule. Unyogovu unaweza kutishia kunyongwa juu ya familia nzima. Na katika hali nyingi kufukuzwa kunamwacha mtu aliyefukuzwa na deni lisiloweza kushindwa kwenye rekodi za mahakama. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ungefikiri deni lisiloweza kuepukika lisingekuwa na maana\u2014baada ya watu hawa wote kutokuwa na kitu ambacho mwenye nyumba anaweza kutoza au kuambatanisha naye\u2014lakini inafanya hivyo. Kuna makampuni ambayo yanafaidika kwa kuangalia ili kuona kama mtu aliyefukuzwa anapata pesa, kwa mfano, kutokana na matokeo ya mwisho ya kesi juu ya ajali iliyowaacha kazini, au kutoka kwa kutambaa kutoka kwenye kina cha maisha yao. Na kisha mara moja zaidi wanapigwa chini, na pesa walizoziona kama wokovu wao hutoweka, kwa ujumla au kwa sehemu, pamoja na matumaini yao. <\/span><\/p>\n

Desmond anasema kuwa mfumo wa vocha za shirikisho ambapo watu binafsi hulipa asilimia 30 ya mapato yao na serikali inalipa kazi zilizosalia na inafaa kuongezwa\u2014matokeo yasiyowezekana katika hali ya kisiasa ya leo. Ingawa ni wazi kwamba watu ambao walipata makazi thabiti walikuwa na miisho ya furaha. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lakini mfumo wa vocha huwalipa wenye nyumba zaidi ya thamani ya soko ya vyumba, na kuwa kikwazo cha kweli kwa wamiliki wa nyumba hata kwa ”mzigo” wa ziada wa kuweka nyumba katika kanuni. Kwa sababu ya upotoshaji huu watu wengi wachache hupokea vocha kuliko kuhitimu na hiyo <\/span>inaweza<\/span><\/i> kufadhiliwa. Uamuzi wa tarehe 23 Desemba 2017 wa Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani katika DC ulihitaji kutumia maeneo ya karibu ili kubaini thamani ya soko inayolingana; uamuzi huu unaweza kuwa umebadilisha tabia hiyo. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kwa jumla, hiki ni kitabu kinachoangazia maneno ya Martin Luther King Jr.: ”Kila hali ipo kwa sababu tu mtu anafaidika kwa kuwepo kwake. Unyonyaji huu wa kiuchumi unaonekana wazi katika makazi duni.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Kwa hivyo zaidi ya kuwa hadithi ya kusikitisha ya kushangaza katika familia ya wanadamu (mtazamo wa dhahania), uchumi huu mwingine una uhusiano gani na Marafiki wengi? Hapo ndipo <\/span>
\n Dream Hoarders<\/span>
\n<\/i> huchukua hadithi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Wahodhi wa Ndoto<\/span><\/i> imejaa data, ambayo nyingi haishangazi. Kuna pengo linaloongezeka kati ya madarasa katika nchi yetu. Badala ya kuwaita watu matajiri, tunawaita ”tabaka la kati la juu” na kuacha neno hilo, ”tajiri,” kwa asilimia 1. Watu wenye pesa ambao wana watoto hutumia pesa hizo kusaidia watoto hao kufanikiwa. Watu wasio na pesa ambao wana watoto wana chaguo chache. Kuna kadhaa ya grafu zinazoonyesha pointi mbalimbali. Hii ni habari ambayo unaweza kupata katika vitabu kadhaa katika miaka kumi iliyopita. Na hii, pia, ni picha ya urithi wa Jim Crow. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kinachofanya kitabu cha Richard Reeves kiwe na thamani ya kusomwa (kando na ucheshi wake) ni jinsi anavyotunga na kueleza data ambayo tumesikia mara nyingi tangu Occupy Movement mwaka wa 2011. Anazingatia zaidi asilimia 1 na zaidi juu ya asilimia 20 ya juu\u2014 tabaka la kati la juu ambalo Marafiki wengi ikiwa si wengi wanaishi kwa raha. Na anaangazia mambo ambayo watu hufanya ambayo hayasaidii tu watoto wao, lakini ambayo huwadhuru watoto wengine – kwa kukusudia au la. Anaitazama jamii nchini Marekani kama jamii isiyolipa pesa nyingi ambapo wazazi matajiri hukiuka baadhi ya sheria zisizo wazi za kutokuaminiana kwa kukuza vyeo vya watoto wao. Hatimaye, anatoa mapendekezo kuhusu jinsi sisi, kama taifa, tunaweza kuelekea kwenye jamii ambayo tunadai kuwa nayo na ambapo Ndoto ya Marekani si dhana tu katika filamu za Frank Capra. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lakini ingawa utungaji wake wa suala hilo ni muhimu\u2014jinsi watu wa tabaka la kati wanavyofaidika na 529 wanapanga kufadhili elimu isiyo na kodi ya watoto wao na jinsi walivyounda sakafu ya kioo\u2014suluhisho lake sivyo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anapendekeza hitaji la uhamaji wa kushuka bila kuchunguza kweli hiyo itamaanisha nini. Je, ni lazima watoto wawe maskini ili kuifanya jamii kuwa ya haki? Au je, tunaweza kukazia fikira zaidi ruzuku badala ya kutumia kanuni za kodi ili kutoa msaada wa kielimu kwa wale ambao hawana uwezo wa kununua? ”Marekebisho” ya hivi majuzi zaidi ya msimbo wa kodi yana usaidizi mdogo kwa elimu, lakini mipango 529 ya walio matajiri bado inalindwa. Tajiri wa kupindukia, hasa waajiri, wanapata. Walimu na wafanyakazi wameandikwa nje ya kanuni. Je, elimu ni jibu katika jamii ambayo watu waliosoma sana hawawezi kupata kazi kwa uhakika tangu 2008? Je, tunaweza kuwatia moyo watu wengi zaidi wategemee kazi yenye ujuzi au elimu ya ufundi stadi? Je, tunaweza kuendelea kufanya kazi ili kutia ukungu kwenye mistari nyekundu ya jana badala ya kuibadilisha na kuifanya iwe laini? <\/span><\/p>\n

Vitabu viwili ambavyo vinachunguza uchumi kwa njia dhahiri hatimaye vinaangazia bei inayoendelea ya fursa nyeupe. Hakuna moja inayotoa suluhisho kamili, lakini zote mbili hutoa ufahamu juu ya njia ya mbele. Zote mbili zitakufanya ufikiri. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3080258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,9984],"fpb_issue_category":[10239],"class_list":["post-3126858","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-aprili-2018","fpb_issue_category-uponyaji"],"yoast_head":"\nKufukuzwa NA Dream Hoarders - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/kufukuzwa-na-dream-hoarders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kufukuzwa NA Dream Hoarders - Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kufukuzwa: Umaskini na Faida katika Jiji la Amerika. Na Mathayo Desmond. 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Alifanya kazi kupitia chuo kikuu na baadaye shule ya sheria wakati hiyo ilikuwa bado inawezekana. 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