{"id":3127075,"date":"2015-06-01T00:26:27","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T04:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/"},"modified":"2015-06-01T00:26:27","modified_gmt":"2015-06-01T04:26:27","slug":"upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati","status":"publish","type":"fpb_book","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/","title":{"rendered":"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Antiwar_Disent_and_Peace_activismImehaririwa na Scott H. Bennett na Charles F. Howlett. Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska Press, 2014. Kurasa 400. $ 30 kwa karatasi. <\/i><\/b><\/h3>\nNunua kwenye FJ Amazon Store<\/span><\/a>\n

Nimewaambia marafiki wengi hadithi ya kusoma, wakati wa vita huko Kosovo, kitabu cha umri wa baadaye kilichowekwa huko Ulaya usiku wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Ulimwengu.<\/p>\n

Tayari nilipinga ushiriki wa Marekani huko Kosovo. Kwa sababu fulani sikuweza kupata vita vya haki baada ya Vietnam, ingawa bado niliviamini. Sikuwa nimechukua uelewa wangu wa vita hadi hatua ya mwisho ya upinzani kamili. <\/p>\n

Kabla ya mwandishi kuelezea tangazo la vita huko Uingereza, alielezea jambo lingine. Alielezea chuki za kikabila ambazo zilidhaniwa, mwishoni mwa karne ya ishirini, masalio ya nyakati za zamani. Niliposoma hadithi za Kosovo kwenye gazeti na hadithi katika kurasa za kitabu hicho, nyakati zilianza kufifia hadi ukweli mmoja tu ukabaki: vita haikuwa tu uovu, lakini uovu usio na maana, mchakato ambao ulionekana tu kufanya kazi lakini haukufanya kamwe. Ikiwa kulikuwa na mabadiliko yaliyoambatana na vita, badiliko hilo lilitokana na kazi ngumu kabla, wakati, na baada ya vita. Vinginevyo, kile kilichobaki baada ya vita kilifunikwa, lakini sio kufa, chuki na hamu ya kulipiza kisasi. <\/p>\n

Sasa nina kitabu ambacho ninaweza kurejelea wengine. Upinzani wa Kupinga Vita na Uharakati wa Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika<\/i> ni wingi wa nyenzo za msingi, zinazojumuisha hotuba, barua, na insha kutoka kabla, wakati, na baada ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia. Baadhi ya vyanzo vinajulikana sana, kama vile Dorothy Day na AJ Muste. Vyanzo vingine vinashangaza zaidi, kama vile William Jennings Bryan, ambaye anakumbukwa zaidi kwa hotuba yake ya kupendeza kuhusu kiwango cha dhahabu kuliko kujiuzulu kwake kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje katika ishara ya kupinga vita. <\/p>\n

Baadhi ya lugha zenye mvuto zaidi hutoka kwa watu wa kihistoria ambao wamesahaulika sana leo, kama vile Oswald Garrison Villard ambaye aliandika mnamo 1915, ”Je, ni lazima tuchukue silaha? … Kitabu hiki pia kina vibonzo vichache vya uhariri (kama vile mtu aliyefungwa kwa michirizi ya gerezani na maelezo mafupi: ”Imethibitishwa na kwa hakika ilikubaliwa kwamba kati ya kauli zake za uchomaji ni -USIUE na HERI ni wapatanishi”) na mabango, na vile vile sura yenye ucheshi wa kupinga vita wa wakati huo. <\/p>\n

Sehemu muhimu ya kitabu hiki ni utangulizi ulioandikwa na wahariri wake, Scott H. Bennett na Charles F. Howlett, wote maprofesa wa chuo. Katika kurasa hizi 30 chache waliweka muktadha wa maneno yanayofuata, wakibainisha hasa mwanzo wa mashirika mengi ambayo tunayachukulia kuwa ya kawaida leo: Ushirika wa Upatanisho (FOR); Kamati ya Huduma ya Marafiki wa Marekani; na Tume ya Misaada ya Mennonite kwa Wanaosumbuliwa na Vita, mtangulizi wa sehemu kubwa ya Kamati Kuu ya Mennonite. Muhimu zaidi, wakati huu katika harakati za kupinga vita pia ulikuwa mwanzo wa harakati za amani za kilimwengu (kwani kazi ya kupinga vita ilitazamwa kama jimbo la kipekee la wakereketwa wa kidini hapo awali). Mashirika mapya ya amani ya kilimwengu yalitia ndani Muungano wa Uhuru wa Kiraia wa Marekani (ulioanzishwa ili kulinda haki za wanaokataa utumishi wa kijeshi kwa sababu ya dhamiri\u2014jambo ambalo baadhi ya sura zake zimesahauliwa leo) na Wakfu wa Amani wa Dunia, taasisi ya zamani zaidi ya amani ya kilimwengu ya Marekani. Muktadha huu unatusaidia kuelewa kwa njia ya msingi zaidi jinsi nchi ilifika hapa ilipo na jinsi harakati za amani zilifika hapa zilipo leo. Cha kusikitisha ni kwamba kitabu hicho hakina faharasa, na hivyo kufanya iwe vigumu kutumia kama kitabu cha marejeleo, ingawa kina biblia fupi ya kusaidia kujifunza hatua zaidi. <\/p>\n

Ingawa baadhi ya lugha inatokana na wakati wake, mwangwi wa maneno haya hupatikana katika hotuba, twiti, na blogu za leo. George W. Norris, seneta wa chama cha Republican kutoka Nebraska, alitoa hoja kwenye baraza la Seneti mwaka wa 1917 kwamba \u201cvita havileti ustawi wowote kwa umati mkubwa wa raia wa kawaida na wazalendo . . . Vita huleta ufanisi kwa wacheza kamari kwenye Wall Street.\u201d <\/p>\n

Mambo hayo ya hakika ni yaleyale leo na yatukumbusha kwamba, kama Bwana Isaac Newton katika 1676 alivyoonyesha, sisi tunaopinga vita bado \u201ctunasimama juu ya mabega ya majitu.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3076384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,9944],"fpb_issue_category":[10190],"class_list":["post-3127075","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-juni-julai-2015","fpb_issue_category-juni-julai-2015-wanaharakati-dhidi-ya-mystics-dhidi-ya-pragmatists"],"yoast_head":"\nUpinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Imehaririwa na Scott H. Bennett na Charles F. Howlett. Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska Press, 2014. Kurasa 400. $ 30 kwa…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"226\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"339\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@friendsournal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/\",\"name\":\"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-01T04:26:27+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sw-KE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sw-KE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg\",\"width\":226,\"height\":339},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/nyumbani\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Books\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/book\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/\",\"name\":\"Friends Journal\",\"description\":\"Kuwasiliana na uzoefu wa Quaker ili kuunganisha na kuimarisha maisha ya kiroho\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sw-KE\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Friends Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sw-KE\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/fj-logo-white.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/fj-logo-white.png\",\"width\":617,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Friends Journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/friendsjournal\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/friendsournal\",\"https:\\\/\\\/instagram.com\\\/friendsjournal\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/3154709\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/friendsjournal\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/","og_locale":"sw_KE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal","og_description":"Imehaririwa na Scott H. Bennett na Charles F. Howlett. Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska Press, 2014. Kurasa 400. $ 30 kwa…","og_url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/","og_site_name":"Friends Journal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/","og_image":[{"width":226,"height":339,"url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@friendsournal","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/","url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/","name":"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati - Friends Journal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg","datePublished":"2015-06-01T04:26:27+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sw-KE","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sw-KE","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Antiwar_Dissent_and_Peace_Activism_in_World_War_I_America__A_Documentary_Reader__Scott_H__Bennett__Charles_F__Howlett__9780803240117__Amazon_com__Books.jpg","width":226,"height":339},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/upinzani-wa-vita-na-harakati-ya-amani-katika-vita-vya-kwanza-vya-dunia-amerika-msomaji-wa-hati\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/nyumbani\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Books","item":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Upinzani wa Vita na Harakati ya Amani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia Amerika: Msomaji wa Hati"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/","name":"Friends Journal","description":"Kuwasiliana na uzoefu wa Quaker ili kuunganisha na kuimarisha maisha ya kiroho","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sw-KE"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#organization","name":"Friends Journal","url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sw-KE","@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fj-logo-white.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fj-logo-white.png","width":617,"height":74,"caption":"Friends Journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/","https:\/\/x.com\/friendsournal","https:\/\/instagram.com\/friendsjournal","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/3154709","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/friendsjournal"]}]}},"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"Friends Journal","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/","push-errors":false,"acf":{"author_name":"Imekaguliwa na JE McNeil","bio":"<p>JE McNeil ni mkurugenzi mtendaji wa On the Level, shirika la utetezi lisiloegemea upande wowote, na mshiriki wa Mkutano wa Marafiki wa Washington, DC Ametumia muda mwingi wa maisha yake ya utu uzima kufanya kazi kwa amani kama wakili, mshawishi, na mkurugenzi mkuu wa Kituo cha Dhamiri na Vita kutoka 1999 hadi 2010.<\/p>\n"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_book\/3127075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_book"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fpb_book"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3127075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3076384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3127075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3127075"},{"taxonomy":"fpb_issue_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fpb_issue_category?post=3127075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}