{"id":3127175,"date":"2015-04-01T00:15:22","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T04:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/book\/wa-quaker-wa-philadelphia-na-harakati-ya-kupinga-utumwa-quakers-na-kukomesha\/"},"modified":"2015-04-01T00:15:22","modified_gmt":"2015-04-01T04:15:22","slug":"wa-quaker-wa-philadelphia-na-harakati-ya-kupinga-utumwa-quakers-na-kukomesha","status":"publish","type":"fpb_book","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/wa-quaker-wa-philadelphia-na-harakati-ya-kupinga-utumwa-quakers-na-kukomesha\/","title":{"rendered":"Wa Quaker wa Philadelphia na Harakati ya Kupinga Utumwa \/ Quakers na Kukomesha"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"2Q==-2\"<\/a>Philadelphia Quakers na Vuguvugu la Kupinga Utumwa: Na Brian Temple. McFarland & Company Inc., 2014. Kurasa 240. $ 39.95 \/ karatasi; $24.99\/Kitabu pepe. <\/h3>\n

Nunua kwenye FJ Amazon Store<\/span><\/a>
 <\/p>\n

Quakers na Kukomesha: Ilihaririwa na Brycchan Carey na Geoffrey Plank. Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois Press, 2014. 280 kurasa. $ 45 \/ jalada gumu; $40.50\/Kitabu pepe. <\/h3>\nNunua kwenye FJ Amazon Store<\/span><\/a>\n

Quakers wanajulikana kama watu wanyenyekevu, lakini ni mstari mwembamba kati ya unyenyekevu wa dhati na ulafi. Wanahistoria wa Quaker wametoa wasifu wa kusherehekea wa John Woolman, Lucretia Mott, Levi Coffin, na wengine ambao walihatarisha sana kupigana na utumwa na urithi wake mbaya. Watu hawa walikuwa upande wa kulia wa historia, na wanastahili kuzingatiwa. <\/p>\n

Lakini Waquaker wengi wa mapema waliunga mkono utumwa\u2014angalau mwanzoni\u2014na bado wengine walitetea \u201csuluhisho\u201d au maafikiano kwa tatizo la utumwa ambalo lingefanya Waamerika wa kisasa warudi nyuma. Ukweli huu mbaya wa mwingiliano mrefu na mgumu kati ya taasisi ya kipekee ya utumwa na Jumuiya ya kipekee ya Kidini ya Marafiki umepokea uangalifu mdogo. (Ubaguzi mashuhuri ni Fit for Freedom, Not for Friendship: Quakers, African Americans, and the Myth of Racial Justice,<\/em> na Donna McDaniel na Vanessa Julye, iliyochapishwa mwaka wa 2009 na QuakerPress, ambayo inachunguza ubaguzi wa rangi kati ya Quakers, hata wale waliounga mkono kukomesha.) <\/p>\n

Vitabu viwili vipya vilivyowekwa ili kurekebisha upungufu huu kwa kuchunguza vipengele vyote vya uhusiano wa Quaker na utumwa. Vitabu hivi vinakaribishwa, ilhali vinasimulia tu sehemu za hadithi kubwa zaidi\u2014kitabu kimoja kinaangazia eneo la Philadelphia pekee na kingine ni mkusanyo wa insha za kitaaluma ambazo hazina uhusiano wowote wa kimsingi au mtindo zaidi ya mada kuu. Kazi kubwa zaidi, za kina zaidi juu ya Quakers na utumwa zinahitajika na tunatumai vitabu hivi viwili vitawatia moyo wanahistoria kuanza kufanya kazi. <\/p>\n

Philadelphia Quakers and the Antislavery Movement<\/em> , iliyoandikwa na mwanahistoria huru Brian Temple, ndiyo inayofikiwa zaidi kati ya kazi hizi mbili, ikiwa na mtindo mdogo wa kitaaluma na yenye masimulizi yaliyolenga. Kwa utafiti wa kina na uandishi ambao haujapambwa, Temple inasimulia jinsi kikundi kikuu cha Quakers huko Philadelphia na New Jersey kilipigana dhidi ya utumwa mapema kama 1688, wakati washiriki wa mkutano wa Germantown waliandika barua kutangaza kwamba walikuwa ”dhidi ya biashara ya wanaume.” <\/p>\n

Anasimulia hadithi ya kuvutia ya mkomeshaji mali Benjamin Lay, kigongo mwenye urefu wa futi nne, ambaye alinyunyizia rangi kama damu alipokuwa akiongea kwa sauti kubwa dhidi ya utumwa katika mkutano wa New Jersey. Hekalu linaonyesha kwamba jumuiya ya Quaker kwa ujumla ilibidi ishawishike kwa miaka mingi kupinga utumwa. Hatimaye watu wengi wa Quaker walikuwa\u2014na wengi wakiwaacha huru watumwa wao na hata kulipa \u201cfidia\u201d za aina fulani ili kuwafanya Waamerika walioachiliwa hivi karibuni wapate makazi. Temple inasimulia hadithi ya Jumuiya ya Mazao Huru, inayoongozwa na Waquaker, kuuza bidhaa zilizotengenezwa bila nyenzo zinazozalishwa na watumwa. Anachunguza ushiriki mkubwa wa Quaker katika Barabara ya Reli ya Chini ya Ardhi na katika kuwalinda watumwa waliotorokea eneo la Philadelphia. <\/p>\n

\"2Q==-3\"<\/a>Lakini Temple pia anaandika kuhusu Jumuiya ya Ukoloni ya Marekani, ambayo Quakers ilisaidia kuunda. Kikundi hicho kilifanya kazi ya kuwarudisha watumwa wote barani Afrika, ”suluhisho” lenye utata na la nyongeza la kukomesha utumwa ambao leo unatazamwa sio tu kuwa wa kipuuzi, bali pia ubaguzi wa asili. Kitabu cha Hekalu kinawekewa mipaka kwa sehemu na jiografia. Yeye hupuuza juhudi za Quaker kuhusu kukomesha huko North Carolina, Indiana, na mahali pengine. Quakers and Abolition<\/g> , mkusanyo wa insha 14 zilizohaririwa na maprofesa wawili wa Uingereza, zinashughulikia mambo mengi zaidi lakini zina ubora wa sehemu, na sura zilizokusanywa kutoka kwa karatasi tofauti zilizowasilishwa katika mkutano wa historia ya Quaker wa 2010. Kitabu kinaweka wazi kwamba Quakers tangu siku za kwanza walikuwa wakisumbuliwa na utumwa, lakini hiyo haimaanishi kwamba wanachama wote walisukuma kwa ukali kukomesha kwake. <\/p>\n

George Fox, akizuru Barbados, alitangaza, \u201cKristo alipiga rangi kwa ajili ya Watawne[y] na kwa ajili ya Weusi, na vilevile ninyi mnaoitwa wazungu,\u201d na akawahimiza wenye mashamba wawafundishe watumwa wao maadili ya Kikristo. Lakini hakuhimiza watumwa waachiliwe. Alionekana kuwa na wasiwasi zaidi juu ya watumwa kukomesha ndoa za mitala kuliko kupata kazi yao. <\/p>\n

Mojawapo ya insha zinazovutia zaidi ni za Thomas Hamm, profesa wa historia katika Chuo cha Earlham. Anaandika kuhusu George Fox White, mhubiri wa Hicksite ambaye alikua mpinzani mkali wa ushiriki wa Quaker katika kukomesha. <\/p>\n

”Nilikuwa na afadhali mara elfu moja kuwa mtumwa, na kutumia siku zangu na watumwa, kuliko kukaa katika urafiki na wakomeshaji,” White aliandika. Wa Quaker wachache leo wangeweza kufikiri kwamba msimamo huo uliwahi kuchukuliwa na mshiriki mashuhuri wa Sosaiti. <\/p>\n

Vitabu vyote viwili ni michango muhimu, lakini ni uchunguzi wa sehemu tu wa hadithi ya kuvutia na ngumu ya kuhama kwa uhusiano wa Quakerism na utumwa. Hii ni hadithi inayoingia kwenye kiini cha uzoefu wa Quaker: washiriki waliongozwa na mwelekeo wa kimungu, na Nuru iliyo ndani ya kila mtu, kuona ubaya wa kimsingi wa utumwa, hata wakati wengine wengi waliuona tu kama sehemu ya utaratibu wa kiuchumi na kijamii. Wachache wa Quakers hai walizungumza na kubishana wao kwa wao; waliunda mashirika na kushinikiza serikali. Kwa kifupi, walibadilisha ulimwengu, lakini sio kabla ya kupitia mchakato wa mara kwa mara wa kujibadilisha<\/em> na kuwashawishi washiriki wenzao kubadilika. Ninatazamia wanahistoria zaidi wanaofuatilia hadithi hii ya kushangaza. <\/p>\n

Philadelphia Quakers and the Antislavery Movement: buy on Amazon<\/a> . Quakers na Kukomesha: nunua kwenye Amazon<\/a> . <\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3076226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[9920,9941],"fpb_issue_category":[10188],"class_list":["post-3127175","fpb_book","type-fpb_book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapitio-ya-kitabu-cha-quaker","category-vitabu-vya-aprili-2015","fpb_issue_category-aprili-2015-ushauri-kufundisha-maadili-yetu"],"yoast_head":"\nWa Quaker wa Philadelphia na Harakati ya Kupinga Utumwa \/ Quakers na Kukomesha - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/book\/wa-quaker-wa-philadelphia-na-harakati-ya-kupinga-utumwa-quakers-na-kukomesha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wa Quaker wa Philadelphia na Harakati ya Kupinga Utumwa \/ Quakers na Kukomesha - Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Philadelphia Quakers na Vuguvugu la Kupinga Utumwa: Na Brian Temple. 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