{"id":3120062,"date":"2015-06-01T01:35:26","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T05:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/ufunuo-na-mapinduzi\/"},"modified":"2015-06-01T01:35:26","modified_gmt":"2015-06-01T05:35:26","slug":"ufunuo-na-mapinduzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/ufunuo-na-mapinduzi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ufunuo na Mapinduzi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"The
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Apocalypse ya John katika Quaker na Mila ya Kiroho ya Kiafrika<\/h2>\n

Kitabu<\/span> cha Ufunuo, ambacho wakati fulani huitwa Apocalypse of John, ndicho kitabu cha mwisho cha maandiko ya Kikristo ya kisheria. Kwa karne nyingi imetajwa kuwa uthibitisho kwamba mwisho wa dunia ulikuwa karibu, lakini pia ilikuwa mojawapo ya maandishi yaliyopendwa na George Fox na Marafiki wengine wa mapema. Taswira yake inafahamisha watu wengi wa kiroho wa Kiafrika wa karne ya kumi na tisa, na katika karne ya ishirini iliongoza Vuguvugu la Haki za Kiraia, na Martin Luther King Jr. aliunga mkono muundo na lugha yake katika hotuba yake maarufu. Monster mwenye vichwa saba vya Apocalypse bado anaweza kuonekana katika mapambano ya kisasa ya haki. <\/p>\n

\"Mtakatifu<\/a>
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Mwandishi wa kitabu cha Ufunuo, ambaye anatoa jina lake kama Yohana, hakuna uwezekano wa kuwa mtu sawa na ama Yohana mwanafunzi mpendwa au Yohana mwinjili. Akiwa katika kisiwa cha Patmo, aliota ndoto, au maono, ambayo anaendelea kueleza kwa undani sana. Maandishi yanajumuisha picha nyingi za ajabu za maneno zinazoelezea mapambano ya titanic kati ya mema na mabaya. Sanamu nyingi za kitabu zimeingia katika utamaduni wetu wa kawaida: malango ya lulu, mpanda farasi wanne wa Ufunuo, Mihuri Saba, zabibu za ghadhabu, Gabrieli na tarumbeta yake, kahaba wa Babeli, mnyama mkubwa mwenye vichwa saba, na Yerusalemu Mpya. <\/p>\n

Kitabu hiki kimekuwa na utata katika historia ya Ukristo. Wengi wamehisi kuwa ilijumuishwa katika kanuni na aina fulani ya ajali ya kikanisa. Wengine wamevutiwa sana na kitabu hicho, na wametumia juhudi kubwa kujaribu kutegua mafumbo yake. <\/p>\n

Wengi wamedhani kwamba maandishi ni masimulizi ya mstari wa historia ambayo kwa mafumbo yanaeleza kwa mfuatano kamili matukio ya zamani, ya sasa na yajayo. Wale wanaoshikilia mtazamo huu wanafikiri kwamba ikiwa wanaweza kuunganisha kwa usahihi matukio halisi ya kihistoria na masimulizi katika Kitabu cha Ufunuo, itawezekana kubainisha ni wapi hasa katika mfuatano wa kitabu hiki tulipo sasa, na kwa hiyo, nini kitakachofuata. Katika karne ya kumi na tisa watu wengi walisadiki kabisa kwamba siku ya mwisho, au Siku ya Hukumu, ingetukia Oktoba 22, 1844. Maelfu kwa maelfu ya watu kwa kweli walitazamia kuona mwisho wa dunia siku hiyo. Walikusanyika makanisani na juu ya paa, wengine wakiwa wamevalia mavazi meupe. Katika historia ya Kikristo kushindwa kwa Ujio wa Pili wa Kristo kutokea mwaka wa 1844 kunajulikana kama \u201cKukatishwa Tamaa Kubwa.\u201d <\/p>\n

\"\"Ufunuo<\/a>
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Wazo la jumla kwamba Kitabu cha Ufunuo kinatabiri mwisho wa karibu wa ulimwengu haujafa hata hivyo. Msururu wa kisasa wa riwaya 16 zinazouzwa sana, zinazoitwa kwa pamoja Msururu wa Left Behind, huku ukiepuka kujitolea kwa tarehe yoyote mahususi, hata hivyo unaeleza waziwazi apocalypse ya kisasa ambapo waliookolewa watanyakuliwa mbinguni huku wanadamu wengine wakiachwa nyuma kukabili hatima mbaya. Jumla ya mauzo ya mfululizo huu wa riwaya yamezidi nakala milioni 63, na majina mengi yamekuwa kwenye orodha zinazouzwa zaidi za New York Times<\/i> , USA<\/i> Today, <\/i>na Publishers Weekly<\/i> , ingawa orodha hizi zinazouzwa zaidi hazizingatii idadi ya ziada ya mauzo yanayofanywa katika maduka ya vitabu vya kidini.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je<\/span> , haya yote yana uhusiano gani na hali ya kiroho ya Kiafrika na Marafiki?<\/p>\n

George Fox na kundi la Shujaa la Sitini la wainjilisti wa mapema wa Quaker walikuwa wasomaji makini wa maandiko, na waliegemeza mambo muhimu ya harakati zao za kiroho juu ya ufasiri wao wa maandiko. George Fox alinukuu maandiko kwa upana sana hivi kwamba watu fulani walifikia kusema kwamba ikiwa Biblia ingewahi kupotea, ingeweza kujengwa upya kutoka katika kumbukumbu ya George Fox na maandishi yake. <\/p>\n

Huenda ikawashangaza watu kujua kwamba Kitabu cha Ufunuo kilikuwa mojawapo ya maandiko aliyopenda Fox. Kwa kuzingatia maelezo mafupi sana niliyotoa kuhusu nafasi ya kitabu katika historia ya Kikristo, mtu anaweza kushangaa jinsi George Fox anavyopendezwa nacho. Lakini Marafiki waliona kitu katika maandishi ambacho kiliwaepuka wasomaji wengine. <\/p>\n

Kwa kweli hakuna chochote ndani ya kitabu hicho kinachosema moja kwa moja kwamba kuna ufunguo uliofichwa ambao, ukigunduliwa, ungewawezesha wasomaji kuunganisha maono yaliyoelezwa na mlolongo maalum wa matukio ya kihistoria. Kuna kifungu kimoja cha maneno katika kitabu ambacho kinarejelea ”vitu vilivyokuwako, vilivyopo, na ambavyo vitakuwa,” lakini hii inaweza kumaanisha tu kwamba kile kinachoelezewa kinaendelea kila wakati. Na kama maelezo yote ya maono au ndoto, sehemu kubwa ya kitabu imeandikwa katika wakati uliopita\u2014niliona hili na kisha nikaona lile\u2014wakati maono yanapofunuliwa. <\/p>\n

Uelewa wa Fox wa Kitabu cha Ufunuo haukuwa kwamba ni maelezo ya mstari wa mfuatano wa wakati unaoanza mahali fulani huko nyuma na kuendelea na utabiri wa siku zijazo; badala yake, kwa Fox kitabu hicho ni maelezo ya kishairi na ya kitamathali ya kile kinachoendelea hivi sasa. Tunaishi katika wakati ambapo ulimwengu wa kale na njia ya ulimwengu wa zamani ya kufanya mambo inajiangamiza yenyewe katika hali ya vurugu na kuporomoka, wakati pia ambapo Ujio wa Pili wa Kristo unaonekana kote kote. Kwa maana popote pale ambapo mtu binafsi au kundi la watu hugeuza mioyo yao kwa ukweli, hapo tunaona picha hafifu za Mji wa Mungu, wa Yerusalemu Mpya, zikidhihirika. <\/p>\n

Kile Apocalypse ya Yohana ilimfunulia George Fox haukuwa mwisho wa ulimwengu bali kuzaliwa upya kwake, kuzaliwa upya kulianzishwa na Yesu na kuendelea na wanafunzi wake huku wanafunzi wakitenda kwa uthabiti kuendeleza kazi ya haki na ukweli katika jamii ya kibinadamu. Akitumia taswira kutoka katika Kitabu cha Ufunuo, George Fox anafafanua pambano hili kwa ajili ya ukweli na haki kuwa \u201cVita vya Mwana-Kondoo,\u201d vita vinavyofanywa na wapole kwa njia ya upole, kutokuwa na jeuri, kujidhabihu, na amani. Ijapokuwa kuna ghasia na vurugu nyingi katika Kitabu cha Wahyi, hii ni jeuri na ghasia zinazofanywa na madhalimu wao kwa wao na dhidi ya wanyonge na wasio na hatia. Silaha moja katika Vita vya Mwana-Kondoo kama inavyofafanuliwa katika kitabu cha Ufunuo ni \u201cupanga wa kutisha\u201d unaotoka katika kinywa cha Yesu. Kwa maneno mengine, si mashine ya kuua iliyobuniwa na binadamu, bali ukweli wake tu ambao unaendelea kwenda kwenye vita na nguvu za uovu. <\/p>\n

Katika karne zilizofuata, wasomi wa George Fox walikuja kutaja fasiri hii ya Kitabu cha Ufunuo kuwa \u201cbaada ya milenia,\u201d au \u201ceskatolojia inayotambulika.\u201d Maneno haya yanamaanisha tu kwamba Ujio wa Pili wa Kristo tayari umetukia, na enzi mpya iliyoahidiwa, au Yerusalemu Mpya, inajengwa huku watu wa imani wanavyoendeleza mambo ya amani, ukweli, na haki. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Martin<\/a>
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Acheni<\/span> tugeuke kutoka kwa theolojia ya kitaaluma ili tufikirie mojawapo ya maendeleo ya ajabu zaidi katika historia ya dini: jumuiya isiyo na elimu ya watu waliofanywa watumwa katika Amerika ilikuza ufahamu wake wa Biblia wenye nguvu sana, ufahamu uliorekodiwa si katika vitabu vya kujifunza, lakini katika muziki wao wenyewe wa ajabu. Ingawa ni kweli kwamba watu weusi walioachiliwa mara nyingi walipata elimu na washiriki wa hali ya juu katika mijadala ya hadhara ya siku zao, Waamerika wa Kiroho hawawezi kueleweka hata kidogo isipokuwa kama rekodi ya hekima takatifu ya watu waliokandamizwa ambao walikuza ufahamu wa kibiblia kama halali na muhimu kama ule wa mwanatheolojia yeyote msomi. Maarifa haya yalihifadhiwa na kuonyeshwa sio katika majarida ya kitaalamu na vitabu, lakini kupitia njia ya muziki. <\/p>\n

Kwanza, watu waliokuwa watumwa walihusishwa na utumwa wa Israeli huko Misri na walionyesha tamaa yao ya kuwa huru, mara nyingi kwa tamaa ya kufunguliwa kutoka kwa ulimwengu huu. ”Nenda Chini, Musa,” ”Swing Chini, Gari Tamu,” na ”Deep River” ni nyimbo za aina hii. <\/p>\n

Pili, watu waliokuwa watumwa walihusishwa na mateso ya Yesu. Wangeweza kumwona Kristo anayeteseka kama mtu ambaye shida yake ilikuwa sawa na yao wenyewe. \u201cJe, Ulikuwepo Walipomsulubisha Mola Wangu?\u201d ni Mwafrika wa kiroho maarufu wa aina hii. <\/p>\n

Tatu, katika usomaji wao wenyewe wa Biblia, watu waliokuwa watumwa waliona msisitizo wazi: kilio cha uhuru na haki kutoka chini ya historia. Kilio chao cha kuomba msaada kutoka kwa Mungu mweza yote kilikuwa pia kilio cha tumaini. Walijiona kuwa watu wa majaliwa, wakishiriki katika kazi ya Mungu katika historia. Na hapa ndipo mada yetu\u2014kisomo cha Quaker na usomaji wa Waamerika wa Kiafrika wa Kitabu cha Ufunuo\u2014inapozingatiwa. Kwa maana kuhusishwa na kilio cha uhuru lilikuwa ni tarajio la haki na hukumu ya Mungu. \u201cSiku ya Hukumu Imezunguka,\u201d \u201cIn Dat Great Gettin\u2019 Up Morning,\u201d na \u201cWakati Watakatifu Wanapoingia\u201d ni nyimbo za aina hii. <\/p>\n

Tofauti na George Fox na Marafiki wa awali, nyimbo za kiroho za Waamerika wa Kiafrika kulingana na Kitabu cha Ufunuo mara nyingi huonekana kukubali ufahamu wa kawaida kwamba maandishi hufuata mlolongo wa wakati. Hii imesababisha baadhi ya watu kudharau maandishi ya Biblia yenyewe na nyimbo zinazoitegemea. Je, maandishi ya Biblia na nyimbo zinazotokana nayo zinawahimiza watu kuwa wavivu hapa na sasa huku wakingojea uokoaji wa kichawi kutoka mbinguni, au huku wakingojea aina fulani ya pai angani \u201cpamoja na tamu\u201d? Labda kumekuwa na, mara kwa mara, tabia fulani katika mwelekeo huu. Lakini ukosoaji mara nyingi haujui jinsi nyimbo hizi zilivyofanya kazi katika jamii ambazo ziliimbwa. <\/p>\n

Maandiko haya yakiimbwa yaliwaunganisha watu katika mkao wa matumaini. Kuimba juu ya wakati ujao ambapo ulimwengu utapinduliwa chini na wakandamizaji watapinduliwa kunaelekea kurudisha wakati ujao katika wakati uliopo. Katika mashairi ya nyimbo yaliyotolewa kutoka katika Kitabu cha Ufunuo, mpangilio uliopo wa mambo unatangazwa kwa ujasiri kuwa si halali, wakati ujao uko wazi, haujafungwa, na Roho anaweza kupinga kutekwa na kuzamishwa na wakati uliopo. Mawazo ya kimapinduzi na mafundisho ya kidini yanaweza kutolewa sauti katika msamiati huo huo. Matumaini ya siku zijazo yanaweza kuhamasisha upinzani kwa sasa. Kwani, ikiwa utaratibu wa mambo uliopo haupendezi machoni pa Mungu, na ikiwa Mungu ataupindua wote hatimaye, kuna umuhimu gani wa kuuvumilia sasa? <\/p>\n

Wimbo ”Piga Baragumu Yako, Gabrieli” unaweza kueleweka kama marejeleo ya ulimwengu mwingine kwenye kiwango kimoja, lakini sio wazi kila wakati kwamba simu ya tarumbeta inahusu maisha yajayo. Kwa hakika, katika baadhi ya nyimbo zinazotegemea Kitabu cha Ufunuo, msimbo huo ulikuwa mwembamba wa kutosha hata wamiliki wa watu waliokuwa watumwa wenyewe kushika. Wimbo ”Baba Yangu, Mpaka Lini?” inathibitisha kwamba haitachukua muda mrefu sana kabla ya kutembea kwenye barabara za dhahabu za Yerusalemu Mpya ambapo tutakuwa huru hivi karibuni. Kwa kiwango halisi wimbo huu unarejelea kwa njia ya kiimani sana ahadi ya kimaandiko ya Ujio wa Pili wa Kristo unaokaribia; hata hivyo, unaweza kufungwa jela kwa kuimba katika kabla ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe kusini. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Katika<\/span> siku zetu wenyewe \u201casilimia moja\u201d ya Waamerika matajiri zaidi, iwapo wangejikwaa kwenye Kitabu cha Ufunuo (yawezekana kama hili linavyoweza kuonekana), bila shaka wangefuata mtindo ambao umetokea katika historia yote miongoni mwa wasomi. Katika kustaajabu juu ya maana ya Kitabu cha Wahyi, watawatambulisha majini wake na viumbe kutoka ama zamani, zamani au kutoka mbali, mbali. Kahaba wa Babeli\u2014hilo lazima lisimame kwa Ufalme wa Kirumi. Mpinga Kristo\u2014nani mwingine isipokuwa Mwenyekiti Mao? Lakini kama wewe si sehemu ya asilimia moja, unaweza kuona wanyama wakubwa wenye vichwa saba kila mahali, sasa hivi na papa hapa. Fikiria yafuatayo: <\/p>\n

Biashara za Kilimo<\/b> . Wanachukua ruzuku za walipa kodi ili kuzalisha vyakula vinavyotufanya tuwe wagonjwa kwa mbinu zinazoharibu mito, udongo, hali ya hewa na bahari, huku wakifanya biashara kwa njia inayosababisha njaa nchini na nje ya nchi. <\/p>\n

Sekta ya magereza binafsi<\/b> . Inashawishi wabunge wa majimbo kupitisha sheria ili kuongeza idadi ya watu gerezani, kurefusha vifungo, na kubinafsisha magereza kwa faida yao wenyewe. <\/p>\n

Viwanda vya mafuta<\/b> . Wanalipa mamilioni ya dola kwa wanaokataa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kwa washawishi, na kwa kampeni za kisiasa ili kuhakikisha kwamba faida zao nyingi zinaendelea bila kujali gharama kwa wanadamu kwa ujumla na bila kujali uharibifu wa dunia. <\/p>\n

Mabenki<\/b> . Ulaghai wao na uchezaji kamari wao umesababisha wafanyikazi milioni 25 kukosa ajira au kuajiriwa duni, umewanyang’anya watu makazi yao na haki yao ya kupata elimu bora, na kutishia usalama wetu wa huduma za afya na marupurupu yetu ya kustaafu yaliyopatikana kwa haki. Hata hivyo wanajipatia bonasi za mamilioni ya dola baada ya kudhaminiwa na walipa kodi. <\/p>\n

Hali ya usalama<\/b> . Inaendesha vita vya kabla ya mwanzo, inaua raia wa Merika na raia wa kigeni bila kesi, inaweka watu kizuizini bila kufunguliwa mashtaka, inatenda mateso na matoleo ya ajabu. <\/p>\n

Sitiari ya Kitabu cha Ufunuo ya mnyama mwenye vichwa saba inafaa, kwa sababu kwa kweli haya si matukio yote tofauti na yanayojitegemea yanayotokea kwa nasibu, bali ni vipengele vya chombo cha kikaboni ambacho kinatishia kujimeza sisi wenyewe na demokrasia yetu ili kulisha hamu yake iliyojaa na ya kula.<\/p>\n

Mnamo Agosti 23, 1963, wakati Martin Luther King Jr. alipotoa mojawapo ya hotuba kubwa zaidi katika historia ya Marekani kwenye maandamano makubwa zaidi ya umma katika historia ya Marekani, alijumuisha katika maneno yake mlolongo maarufu wa ”I have a dream”. Rejea ya kibiblia ya wazi katika mfuatano huo inatoka kwa nabii Isaya (Isaya 40:4\u20135). Lakini muundo na mpangilio wa kifungu cha \u201cNina ndoto\u201d umechorwa kwenye Kitabu cha Ufunuo kama vile George Fox alivyoelewa. Hotuba ya Mfalme ni kushikilia taswira ya amani ya mwisho na haki ambayo ingawa inasemekana kwa maneno kama ndoto au maono ya wakati usiojulikana, hata hivyo ina maana kwa hapa na sasa, na kwa changamoto ambazo lazima bila kushindwa hapa na sasa. <\/p>\n

Wakijua kwamba hakuna wakati isipokuwa huu uliopo, wale ambao ni mashujaa kwa ajili ya ukweli hufanya chaguo la mara kwa mara la kutokimbia kutoka wakati huu kwa matumaini ya kutojua kwamba wokovu utaonekana karibu na kona inayofuata. Peke yetu, kama watu binafsi, labda hatuwezi kutimiza mengi. Lakini pamoja kazi yetu na ushahidi wetu zaweza kufanya kanuni ya upendo ionekane, ikionyesha njia ya kuelekea Yerusalemu Mpya. <\/p>\n

Kwani ingawa tunaweza kuzungukwa na njaa, dhuluma, na ugaidi, sisi ni raia wa ulimwengu tofauti, mji wa Mungu, mji ambao utulivu, usawa, na amani ni hatima ya asili ya Uumbaji. Ni mji ambao kwa kawaida michoro yake hafifu huwa mwanga kwa wale wanaoamshwa na uwezekano wake, na ambao katika bidii yao ya haki ni waaminifu kwa sheria zake. Katika harakati zetu za kimatendo kwa ajili ya amani na haki, hakuna hasira wala mateso, bali upendo na furaha pekee\u2014upendo uleule ambao umekusanya vitu vyote kutoka kwenye mavumbi yasiyo na umbo na upendo uleule unaovitegemeza. Ni furaha inayotokana na kuonja rahisi na kuhisi wema wote na kutokana na kujua ukweli wote. Kwa wale ambao wamepewa kupata furaha ya asili katika kuwa na vile na kufanya vile, badala ya kujaa monsters, dunia ni kweli, mahali tabasamu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apocalypse ya John katika Quaker na mila ya kiroho ya Kiafrika.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3076360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9822],"tags":[13640,13637,11228,12239,10900,12027,10783,13639,13634,13638,11091,13636,11074],"fpb_issue_category":[10190],"class_list":["post-3120062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vipengele","tag-chuo-kikuu-cha-fisk","tag-gari-tamu","tag-kitabu","tag-martin-luther-king-jr","tag-mungu","tag-mwafrika-mmarekani","tag-quaker","tag-tamu-chini","tag-tofauti-na-george-fox","tag-ujio-wa-pili","tag-vurugu","tag-yerusalemu-mpya","tag-yesu","fpb_issue_category-juni-julai-2015-wanaharakati-dhidi-ya-mystics-dhidi-ya-pragmatists"],"yoast_head":"\nUfunuo na Mapinduzi - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/ufunuo-na-mapinduzi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ufunuo na Mapinduzi - 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