{"id":3129148,"date":"2020-11-01T01:56:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-01T05:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\/"},"modified":"2025-10-12T10:36:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T14:36:12","slug":"kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Je, tunatafsiri kwa malengo gani?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

”Huwezi kueneza Quakerism kwa maandishi.” Haya yalikuwa maoni yaliyotolewa miaka 15 iliyopita na Rafiki mashuhuri, mzee, na mwenye uzoefu mkubwa, tulipokuwa Friends House Moscow, tulianza kufikiria kwa bidii ikiwa tunapaswa kuzingatia zaidi kutafsiri maandishi ya Quaker katika lugha ya Kirusi. Rafiki huyo aliuliza swali linalopatana na akili kabisa: \u201cNi nini maana, hebu tuseme, ya kutafsiri Sura ya 16 katika Uingereza Imani na Mazoezi<\/g> ya Mkutano wa Kila Mwaka , ambapo inashughulikia taratibu za Kiingereza tu za kusajili ndoa?\u201d Majadiliano yamekuwa yakiendelea nasi kwa karibu miaka kumi, sasa yakipamba moto, sasa yanakufa. Imetusaidia kupata ufahamu wa kile ambacho hapo awali kilihisiwa zaidi juu ya kiwango cha hisia. Je, tunatafsiri maandishi ya Quaker katika lugha zingine kwa madhumuni gani? Swali hili bado ni la muhimu sana kwa Jumuiya ya Kidini ya Marafiki, ambayo kwa muda mrefu imejiepusha na kazi halisi ya umisionari na ambayo hamu yake ya kusambaza uzoefu wake mpana na wa kipekee kwa kawaida huwasilishwa na neno la amofasi ”kufikia,” neno ambalo hata halina sawa sawa katika lugha ya Kirusi. <\/p>\n\n

Ni kweli: Quakerism, kwa ukamilifu wake, ni kitu kisichowezekana kuenea kwa maandiko tu. Quakerism si kitu cha barua; ni kitu cha rohoni. Lakini inawezekana kusimulia hadithi kuhusu Quakerism: kuonyesha kwamba kuna mila ya kidini, ndani ya mfumo wake kuna mazoezi ya kutatua matatizo ya kiroho. Inawezekana kutoa kitu cha kile kinachofanya msingi wa mila hii. Kwa sababu ya sababu kadhaa za kihistoria, kwa muda mrefu, watu nchini Urusi walikuwa nyuma sana katika kupokea habari za aina hii. Ukuzaji wa mila zetu za kidini na kifalsafa (baadhi ni sawa na Quakerism) ulikatishwa kikatili katika miaka ya 1920. Na kwa hivyo tunaweza kuona kwamba kizazi cha siku hizi, tunaposoma falsafa ya Tolstoy – ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa imekatazwa – inahusiana nayo kama jambo la kushangaza la kihistoria, sio kwa sababu lugha ya kidini kutoka wakati huo imezeeka vibaya sana. Quakerism ya kisasa iko karibu nao katika tamaduni na kiroho. <\/p>\n\n

Kwa ujumla, hakika hatuko tayari kutoa maoni juu ya umuhimu wa kimataifa wa kutafsiri maandishi ya Quaker, lakini nchini Urusi, inaonekana kwetu kuwa ni muhimu kabisa kuwa tafsiri kama hizo ziwepo, ikiwa tu kuwapa watu wa Kirusi msingi mpana zaidi wa uchunguzi wao wa kiroho na kijamii. Kwa mtindo huu, jeraha kubwa linaweza kufungwa kwa mafanikio zaidi, jeraha ambalo hadi sasa limekuwa sababu moja ya vitendo vya ukatili katika jamii yetu. <\/p>\n\n

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tovuti ya friendshousemoscow.org<\/a> .<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Je, tunatafsiri kwa ajili ya nani?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Rasilimali chache za Friends House Moscow zinatoa umuhimu hasa kwa swali, ”Ni watu gani ambao watapendezwa na maandishi ya Quaker yaliyotafsiriwa?” Kwa kadiri kubwa, jibu huamua vipaumbele vyetu vya kutafsiri vitabu na makala. <\/p>\n\n

Hadi hivi majuzi nchini Urusi, kwa ujumla, ni kundi nyembamba tu la wasomi walijua kuhusu Quakers. Wanachama wa kundi hili walipendezwa na historia ya kitaaluma na masomo ya kidini; walikuwa wasomaji makini wa fasihi ya Kiamerika ya karne ya kumi na tisa. Neno ”Kvaker” linasikika kama kichekesho kwa sikio la Urusi (vyura wa Kirusi hulia, ” Kva-kva<\/g> !”). Jumuiya ya vijana mara nyingi huhusisha neno na mchezo wa kompyuta Tetemeko<\/em> . Kwa watu wazee kadiri fulani, Waquaker wanafikiriwa kuwa \u201cwashiriki wa aina fulani ya madhehebu ya Wamormoni ambao wanataka kutuhadaa na kuchukua vyumba vyetu.\u201d Pia jambo la pekee kwa msomaji wa Kirusi ni uelewa dhaifu wa maandishi ya msingi ya Kikristo. Kwa mfano, katika kitabu The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,<\/em> Warusi wengi wangekuwa na ugumu wa kuelewa maana ya majina ya maeneo ambayo Mark Twain aliazima kutoka kwa takwimu za Biblia. <\/p>\n\n

Ikiwa tunawafikiria watu kwenye utafutaji wa kiroho\u2014wale ambao tumeelekezwa kwao kwa kiasi kikubwa\u2014ni muhimu kuelewa kwamba kwa wengi sana maneno \u201ckarma,\u201d \u201ckutafakari,\u201d na \u201cnishati\u201d yanaeleweka zaidi kuliko msamiati wa kawaida wa Kikristo. Urusi ni nchi yenye mapokeo yenye nguvu sana ya Kiorthodoksi, na kwa watafutaji wengi wa kiroho, maneno kutoka kwa leksimu ya Biblia huibua uhusiano usioweza kuepukika na mila, na kama sheria ya kihafidhina, Orthodoxy. <\/p>\n\n

Inakuja akilini uteuzi kutoka kwa mmoja wa waandishi maarufu wa Quaker wa Uingereza ambaye anazungumza juu ya mila mbili za msingi za Ukristo: Ukatoliki na Uprotestanti. Wakati huo, mmenyuko wa asili wa msomaji wa Kirusi utakuwa wa kuchanganyikiwa au hata hasira, kutokana na ukweli kwamba hakuna kutajwa kwa mila ya tatu ya msingi ya Ukristo: ile ya Orthodox. <\/p>\n\n

Licha ya ukweli kwamba watu wa Urusi hakika wanajiweka katika mazingira ya kitamaduni ya Magharibi, wengi wao wanahofia sana wageni, kwa uangalifu na bila kujua, kwa sababu ya mfululizo wa sababu za kihistoria na kisiasa. Wanaweza hata kujipinga kwa Magharibi inayoeleweka kidogo, ”isiyo na roho”. Neno lenyewe ”Wa Quakers huria” linaweza kubeba unyanyapaa kwa sababu, kwa wengi wao, neno la Kirusi la ”huru” linahusishwa na mageuzi ya kiuchumi ya baada ya Soviet ambayo yalisababisha ukosefu mkubwa wa usawa wa kiuchumi katika jamii yetu. <\/p>\n\n

Na kwa hivyo, ni nani msomaji huyu wa maandishi ya Quaker yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kirusi? Ni padre wa Kiorthodoksi anayepata shida kujipatanisha na uhafidhina na kutovumiliana kwa madhehebu yake; mtu kutoka jumuiya ya LGBTQ ambaye anahisi kukataliwa katika makutano ya kidini ya kitamaduni; mwanaharakati wa kisiasa ambaye hakubali nguvu kama njia ya kufikia lengo; mwanahistoria wa huko ambaye aliingia katika unyakuo alipojifunza kwamba miaka mingi iliyopita Waquaker waliwasaidia mababu zake wakati wa njaa; mwalimu wa chuo kikuu kutoka jiji la Siberia ambaye hawezi kujiita asiyeamini Mungu, wala mtu wa kidini; mhasibu wa makamo kutoka katika moja ya jamhuri za zamani za Soviet (anazungumza Kirusi vizuri lakini Kiingereza vibaya kabisa); mshiriki wa kanisa la karismatiki ambaye hapendi maamuzi ya kimamlaka yanavyofanywa katika shirika lake la kidini; askari wa zamani ambaye alitambua kuwa tatizo lake linaitwa PTSD, alipata kifupi kwenye Google, na, mara moja, akapata makala kuhusu jinsi Quakers hufanya kazi na kesi kama hizo na kwa nini; mwanafeministi aliyeamua kusoma kwenye Wikipedia kuhusu historia ya vuguvugu la haki sawa kwa wanawake. <\/p>\n\n

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Tafsiri ya Kirusi ya A Minority Of One: Safari With Friends<\/em> na Harvey Gillman.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Je, tunatafsiri nini?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Je, tunaweza kutoa nini kwa watu hawa wote? Kuna idadi kubwa ya maandishi yanayofaa. Sio zote zinazovutia, za kuelimisha, au za wakati unaofaa. <\/p>\n\n

Vitabu ni kesi maalum. Tafsiri ya kitabu kirefu na ngumu inaweza kuchukua miaka kadhaa. Kwa hivyo tunawachagua kwa uangalifu sana. Majadiliano yetu yanaweza kuchukua muda mrefu, katika kamati ya machapisho ya shirika letu na miongoni mwa Marafiki wengine ambao wanapenda tafsiri ya maandishi ya Quaker. Bila shaka, kabla ya kitu kingine chochote, tunajishughulisha na tafsiri ya vitabu vifupi vya Quaker na vijitabu ambavyo, kwa lugha rahisi, vinaelezea kuhusu Quakerism kwa ujumla. Vitabu vya zamani vya Quaker na vitabu kuhusu Quakers maarufu ni kipaumbele chetu kinachofuata. <\/p>\n\n

Kama aina, wasifu na tawasifu zinahitajika sana. Kitabu cha Wachache cha Mmoja<\/em> cha Harvey Gillman kilituvutia, kwa sehemu kwa sababu ni hadithi ya utafutaji wa kiroho wa mtu wa kisasa ambaye katika safari yake alikutana na matatizo ambayo yanaeleweka kwa urahisi na msomaji wa kisasa. Tulikuwa na wasiwasi fulani kabla ya kuchapishwa kwamba kitabu hicho kinaweza kuchunguzwa kwa sababu ya maudhui yake ya LGBTQ, lakini matatizo ya aina nyingine yalizuka: kinatia ndani shairi zuri kuhusu nyota za rangi tofauti, nyota za nguo zinazovaliwa na Mashahidi wa Yehova na wengine waliofungwa katika kambi za mateso za mafashisti. Shirika la uchapishaji lilidai kwamba tuweke onyo kwenye kitabu hicho, kwa sababu katika Shirikisho la Urusi, Mashahidi wa Yehova ni tengenezo lililopigwa marufuku. Kutoka kwa mtazamo wa sheria ya Kirusi walikuwa sahihi, lakini sawa, kesi hiyo ilikuwa ya kipuuzi na ya uasherati ambayo ilifunuliwa katika baadhi ya vyombo vya habari vya Kirusi. <\/p>\n\n

Wakati mwingine kuna maombi. Miaka mingi iliyopita, mkurugenzi wa taasisi inayosaidia watoto wakimbizi alituuliza ilipowezekana kusoma kwa undani zaidi kuhusu mbinu za biashara za Quaker zinazotumia makubaliano katika kufikia uamuzi. Baada ya miaka kadhaa kupita, iliridhisha sana kumtolea tafsiri ya Kirusi ya kitabu Beyond Majority Rule<\/em> cha Michael J. Sheeran ambacho kinashughulikia somo hilo kwa undani. Kitabu hiki kilikuwa kimependekezwa kwetu na marafiki kadhaa katika Uingereza na Marekani, kutoka katika matawi ya Liberal na Evangelical. <\/p>\n\n

Mojawapo ya mambo muhimu katika kuchagua vitabu kuhusu suala la kisasa\u2014kulinda mazingira, vitendo vya kupinga vita, uanaharakati wa kijamii\u2014ni iwapo mwandishi ataweka wazi au la msingi wa kiroho wa kile wanachofanya. Kwa sisi ni muhimu sio tu nini na jinsi kitu kinafanyika, lakini kwa nini. <\/p>\n\n

Mbali na vitabu na vipeperushi, tunajaribu kutafsiri aina tofauti za nyenzo za kupendeza: nakala kutoka kwa majarida ya Quaker, barua, na blogi zilizokusanywa kutoka tovuti nyingi za Quaker. Vigezo vyetu vya msingi katika kuchagua ni tofauti na, iwezekanavyo, mada. Tunajitahidi kukumbatia maeneo mbalimbali ya shughuli za Quaker, kutafuta habari kuhusu Quaker kutoka nchi mbalimbali, na kufahamiana na mazoea ya mikutano na makanisa katika mila tofauti za Quaker. Inaweza kutokea kwamba mada fulani hutokea kwenye mkutano wa Marafiki wa Moscow, na kufuata thread ya majadiliano haya, tunajaribu kupata na kutafsiri vifaa vinavyolingana. <\/p>\n\n

Tunaelekeza umakini mkubwa katika kutafsiri na kuweka makala kwenye Wikipedia. Hiki ni chanzo muhimu sana cha habari kwa wasomaji wa Kirusi, na tunataka Quakerism iwasilishwe kwenye rasilimali hiyo ya wavuti kikamilifu iwezekanavyo. Na kwa hiyo, kwa muda wa miaka mitano sasa, kila wiki, bila kushindwa, aina fulani ya nyenzo mpya, zinazoweza kujadiliwa, ikiwezekana kwa muda mfupi, zinaonekana kwenye tovuti kuu ya Quaker ya lugha ya Kirusi, www.quakers.ru<\/g> . Na mengi ya haya yametafsiriwa na sisi. <\/p>\n\n

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Harvey Gillman (mwandishi, kulia) na Sergei Nikitin (mtafsiri) huko York, 2009. Picha kwa hisani ya quakers.ru<\/a> .<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Nani anaweza kutafsiri?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Wakati maandiko machache yanapotafsiriwa, swali la kuchagua mfasiri halitokei mara nyingi hivyo; tunashauriana na Marafiki wa Kirusi ambao wanajua lugha ya Kiingereza vizuri. Lakini tunapokuwa na mengi ya kutafsiri, tunaalika watu ambao wanafahamu kidogo tu au wasiofahamu kabisa uhalisi wa Quakerism. Hapo mwanzo tuliogopa kwamba watafsiri kutoka nje hawangetafsiri mambo bora zaidi ya imani ya Quaker kwa usahihi. Lakini uzoefu wetu umeonyesha kuwa njia hii ina faida zake! Tafsiri zisizo sahihi za maneno ya Quaker ziliboresha usahihi wa uhariri wa Quaker! Watu wapya pia walitusaidia kupata vibadala vipya vya kutafsiri maneno mahususi ya Quaker. <\/p>\n\n

Kulikuwa na hatua katika kazi yetu tulipohitaji kufanya kazi kwa wakati mmoja na watafsiri kadhaa, hakuna hata mmoja aliyefahamu mambo hakika ya Quakerism. Kwa kweli tulikuwa na wazo la kuzikusanya zote pamoja na kufanya zoezi la kutafsiri maneno ya Quaker. Lakini mwishowe hatukuhitaji kufanya hivyo. Tulifanya kazi kibinafsi na kwa subira na kila mtu. Baada ya muda, watafsiri bora zaidi kati ya hawa wakawa mtaalamu wetu tuliyependa sana; amefanya tafsiri za hali ya juu za vitabu kadhaa na makala ndefu. <\/p>\n\n

Pia ni muhimu sana wakati watafsiri ni watu wa erudition. Usomi wao huathiri sana ubora wa kazi zao na huwafanya kuwa muhimu kama mhariri. Mara kadhaa tumehitaji kuwaalika wahariri ambao hawakuwa Quakers ili kuthibitisha tafsiri zinazofanywa na Quakers. Kwa mfano, hii ilitokea kwa kitabu Kutembea na Wolf<\/em> cha Kay Chornook na Wolf Guindon. Maelezo mahususi ya kitabu hicho\u2014kulinda nyika ya Kosta Rika\u2014yalitulazimu kumgeukia mtaalamu wa biolojia. Alikuwa mshiriki katika kikundi chetu cha Kutafakari kwa Marafiki; kufanya kazi nasi na mfasiri (mfanyikazi wa haki za binadamu wa Quaker) kwenye kumbukumbu ya mtetezi mwenye shauku ya mazingira kulimsaidia kuelewa zaidi kuhusu kazi ya Friends duniani. <\/p>\n\n

Tathmini ya maandishi yetu ya Quaker hutoka kwa kiasi kikubwa kutoka kwa kikundi chetu cha lugha ya Kirusi kwenye Facebook. Miongoni mwa wasomaji hawa ni watu ambao wameongozwa kutafsiri baada ya kukutana na maandishi kwenye rasilimali za lugha ya Kiingereza ya Quaker. Kwa kawaida hii ni nyenzo ya ubora wa juu, na tunakubali kuhariri tafsiri zao na kueleza kile ambacho kingefanywa vyema zaidi. Kazi thabiti na ya pamoja ya kutafsiri na kuhariri pia husaidia kueneza Quakerism. <\/p>\n\n

Kuna baadhi ya matukio maalum: vitabu ambavyo ni vigumu sana kutafsiri, ambayo ni mtaalamu mmoja au wawili tu wanaohitimu. Tumejifunza kungoja kwa subira hadi waweze kumaliza kazi yao. Kwa sisi, katika kesi hii, kuendeleza uhusiano ni muhimu zaidi kuliko kasi. Ndivyo hali ilivyo na Jarida la George Fox<\/em> . Kazi ya kustaajabisha na ya kusisimua juu ya tafsiri hii imeendelea kwa miaka kadhaa, na hili licha ya ukweli kwamba tulichagua kuchapisha takriban sehemu ya tano tu ya maandishi haya makubwa. Kwa maandishi yote ya kihistoria, tunaleta washauri wanaozungumza Kiingereza ambao humsaidia mfasiri au mhariri kufafanua sehemu ambazo hazieleweki. Aina hii ya kazi ya kufikirika ilifanyika kwa uteuzi kutoka kwa anthology Imefichwa Katika Maono Matupu: Maandishi ya Wanawake wa Quaker, 1650\u20131700<\/g> . Miongoni mwa vitabu vingine ambavyo vilikuwa vigumu kutafsiri ni baadhi ya matunda ya upweke<\/g> cha William Penn na Rex Ambler’s Truth of the Heart: An Anthology of George Fox<\/g> . Maandishi kama haya huwapa wasomaji wetu uwezekano wa kufahamiana na visima vya harakati ya Quaker. <\/p>\n\n

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Tafsiri ya Kirusi ya Kutembea na Wolf<\/em> na Kay Chornook na Wolf Guindon.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Je, tunatafsiri kwa njia gani?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Lugha ya kidini ya Kirusi inahusishwa sana na Orthodoxy, ambayo ni ya kizamani na imejaa kukopa kutoka kwa Kislavoni cha kale cha Kigiriki na Kale. Kiingereza cha Quaker pia kimejaa maneno yasiyowezekana kueleweka vizuri bila ujuzi wa muktadha wao wa kihistoria na kitaasisi (\u201cmkutano wa mateso,\u201d \u201cmhudumu aliyerekodiwa,\u201d \u201cushuhuda wa uwakili\u201d). Mfasiri lazima apitie mchanganyiko wa elimu ya kale, maneno adimu, na misemo ya misimu ambayo hupitia majina ya mashirika na kamati za Quaker. Ili kuongeza haya yote, mashirika mengine yamebadilisha majina yao mara kadhaa katika historia zao. Tafsiri inachanganyikiwa zaidi na tabia ya Kiingereza, hasa Kiingereza cha Uingereza, kuepuka taarifa ya moja kwa moja. Wakati mwingine kile, kwa mtu anayezungumza Kiingereza, kinakusudiwa kuelezea wazo lake kwa adabu iwezekanavyo, kwa tafsiri ya moja kwa moja, itaonekana kwa msomaji wa Kirusi kama uwongo au jaribio la kudanganya kwa kumtia ndani ”vitu vitamu” visivyo vya lazima. <\/p>\n\n

Tunapozungumzia kutafsiri maandishi ya Quaker kutoka karne ya kumi na saba na kumi na nane, ni lazima tuzingatie kwamba baadhi ya maneno ya Kiingereza yamebadilisha maana yao ya msingi tangu wakati huo, au sasa yanahusiana na mtindo tofauti wa hotuba. Katika kesi hii, ni muhimu sana kupata maana ya dhahabu. Tunatafuta kwa upande mmoja kuhifadhi rangi ya kihistoria ya maandishi, na kwa upande mwingine ili tusiiongezee kwa maneno yasiyoeleweka, ya kizamani, ambayo yanahitaji maelezo mengi ya chini na kupunguza maandishi hai kwa mgawo kutoka kwa kitabu cha kitaaluma juu ya isimu. <\/p>\n\n

Kama sheria, watafsiri wetu wenye uzoefu hushughulikia kwa mafanikio matatizo haya, na tunafikiri kwamba mtu wa kawaida wa Kirusi anaweza kuelewa kikamilifu maana ya maandiko ya Quaker ambayo tumetafsiri na si kupata yao ya bandia, ya kufikirika, au ya kitamaduni.<\/p>\n\n

Wakati mwingine uzoefu uliopo wa kijamii wa jamii ya Kirusi huzuia wasomaji kuamini maana ya kile kilichoandikwa. Tunasikia maswali ya kutokuwa na imani kama haya: \u201cSikuelewa; ni nani anayesimamia mikutano yenu?\u201d ”Kwa nini sikupata chochote kuhusu ada zinazohitajika za uanachama?” ”Na hata hivyo, nifanye nini wakati wa mkutano wa ibada?” Huenda hizo mbili maarufu zaidi ni hizi: \u201cWana Quakers wanafikiria nini kuhusu Yesu Kristo?\u201d na ”Nifanye nini ili kuwa Quaker?” <\/p>\n\n

Lakini wakati mwingine kuna athari za kushangaza kabisa. Si muda mrefu uliopita, Mwislamu kutoka Chechnya, baada ya kufahamu vitabu vya Quaker na baada ya kuona video kadhaa za QuakerSpeak na manukuu yetu ya Kirusi, aliuliza mfululizo wa maswali maalum sana. Kwa sehemu kubwa, walikuwa juu ya nini cha kufanya wakati wetu wa sala, kuhusu ”maandiko matakatifu” kati ya Quakers, na kuhusu uhusiano na matumizi ya nguvu. Alishiriki nasi umalizio wake: \u201cImani yenu na yetu ni imani moja lakini kwa majina tofauti ya mambo.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

Miaka kadhaa iliyopita wanandoa wa Quaker kutoka jiji la Kazan, ambao walikuwa wameishi pamoja kwa miaka mingi, walituandikia, wakituambia juu ya nia yao ya kufanya sherehe ya harusi ya Quaker; waliona kwamba hilo lingewasaidia kuimarisha ndoa yao. (Katika Urusi usajili wa serikali wa ndoa na arusi ya kidini ni mambo tofauti.) Tuliwatumia tafsiri ya Sura ya 16 kutoka Uingereza Imani na Mazoezi<\/em> ya Mkutano wa Kila Mwaka, tukivuta fikira zao kwenye sehemu za tamko na vyeti vya ndoa vya Quaker. Walifahamu maandishi hayo na wakapata ufahamu wa msingi wa kiroho wa utaratibu huo, ambao ulizungumzia mahitaji yao. Baada ya muda fulani, Marafiki wawili waliowatembelea walikwenda kuwaona, wakafanya sherehe rahisi ya arusi, na kuwapa cheti cha ndoa cha Quaker katika lugha yao ya asili ya Kirusi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kushiriki Quakerism kupitia neno lililoandikwa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5090,"featured_media":3084566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9917],"tags":[10736,10914,10859,9813],"fpb_issue_category":[10272],"class_list":["post-3129148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sifa-za-mtandaoni","tag-kazi","tag-mtu","tag-nambari","tag-quakerspeak","fpb_issue_category-quakers-katika-tafsiri"],"yoast_head":"\nKutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi - Friends Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sw_KE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kushiriki Quakerism kupitia neno lililoandikwa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/sw\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/friendsjournal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-01T05:56:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-12T14:36:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.friendsjournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Grushko_featured.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Kutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@friendsournal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@friendsournal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Friends Journal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Friends Journal\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/315ffb22a36ecbabdf5dbdc09d7d1eb7\"},\"headline\":\"Kutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-01T05:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-12T14:36:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2623,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Grushko_featured.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"kazi\",\"mtu\",\"nambari\",\"QuakerSpeak\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Sifa za Mtandaoni\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sw-KE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.friendsjournal.org\\\/sw\\\/kutafsiri-maandishi-ya-quaker-kwa-kirusi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kutafsiri Maandishi ya Quaker kwa Kirusi - 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